Liam O’Flaherty and The Anglo-Irish War Essay

Liam O’Flaherty (1896-1984) †¢ Served in the Irish Guards of the British Army from 19151917 †¢ Suffered serious injury from a bomb blast in Belgium; was discharged due to depression. †¢ Following WWI, traveled widely and developed a world view based on atheism, communism, and the notion that Ireland should be an independent nation Liam O’Flaherty (1896-1984) †¢ Joined the Irish Republican Army to push for Irish independence. †¢ Opposed the 1921 treaty that made Ireland a part of the British Commonwealth. †¢ Wrote 13 novels between 1923 and 1976, many of which focused on the effects of war, revolution, and social upheaval in Ireland. Anglo-Irish War – Origins The Easter Rising took place on 24 April, 1916 in Dublin, Ireland. The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) successfully incited a rising of about 1,600 rebels, which was quickly crushed by Crown (British) forces. The handling of the rebels, however, created mass sympathy and the consequences of this rebellion are still felt in Irish and international politics. The Anglo-Irish War †¢ 1919: The Irish Parliament, lead by Eamon de Valera and Michael Collins, declared Ireland a free state. †¢ The Irish Republic army launched guerilla warfare during the Irish War of Independence Anglo-Irish War – 1920 March — Thomas McCurtain, Lord Mayor of Cork was shot in front of his family by British forces. October — His successor, Terence McSwiney, dies after a 74-day hunger strike. 1 November — Kevin Barry, an 18-year-old medical student, was hanged for his part in an ambush he took part in when he was 16. 21 November — Collins’s ‘Squad’ killed fourteen members of an elite British spy group known as the ‘Cairo Gang’. Revenge was taken by Crown forces, who fired on the crowd in Croke Park. 12 people were killed and 60 wounded. Later that evening, two IRA men and one innocent man were shot ‘while escaping’ — in fact, they were marched into the prison courtyard and told to run, and when they refused they were shot in the back. Afterwards, 21 November became known as ‘Bloody Sunday’5. Bloody Sunday The Anglo-Irish War – 1920 (cont.) 28 November — a flying column led by Tom Barry killed 18 auxilaries in an ambush at Kilmichael in west Cork. Shortly after, revenge was taken by the burning of the centre of the city of Cork. December — the Government of Ireland Act set up Home Rule parliaments in Dublin and Belfast. Each parliament was given control over domestic affairs. Sinn Fà ©in rejected it. This Act implemented the Partition of Ireland. The Anglo-Irish War – 1921 25 May — the IRA burned Dublin’s custom house, where seven government departments were located. The attack led to the capture or death of more than 80 IRA men. 22 June, at the opening of the northern parliament at Stormount, King George V appealed for a truce: Pause, to stretch out the hand of forbearance and conciliation, to forgive and forget. King George V, 22 June, 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty An Irish Free State (Saorstà ¡t Éireann) of 26 counties was established The Irish state was a Dominion and was still part of the Commonwealth The British Monarch would remain as head of state and would be represented by the Governor-General The Royal Navy retained control of the ports of Cobh, Berehaven and Lough Swilly The border between the Free State and Northern Ireland would be drawn up by a Boundary Commission Aftermath of the Anglo-Irish Treaty 1922: The Irish civil war breaks out between pro- and anti-treaty parties. Armed groups crossed into Northern Ireland and attacked British installations. They hoped to force the British to give up control of Northern Ireland. Today’s IRA stems from anti-treaty forces. May 1923: The civil war ends and Northern Ireland was still part of the United Kingdom. 1937: A new constitution ratified by the Irish government changes the name of the Irish Free State to Ireland. 1949: Ireland formally declares its independence from Britain. Ireland had cut all ties with the United Kingdom and became an independent republic.

Combating corruption Essay

Combating means to take action to reduce or prevent (something bad or undesirable). here in this context we are talking about corruption. So corruption means the misuse of power for own gain. Corruption affects adversely country’s economic development and achievement of developing goals. It promotes in efficiency in utilization of resources, distorts the markets and compromises quality. We know that corruption will not disappear from society. Our efforts are meant to restrict corruption and to protect as much as possible the poor and weak in our societies. In the end all corruption costs are paid by the consumer and the tax payers. They need protection. â€Å"Its the action, not the fruit of the action, that’s important. You have to do the right thing. I may not be in your power, may not be in you time, that there will be any fruit. But that doesn’t mean You stop doing the right thing. You may never know what results come from you action, But if you do nothing, there will be no result.† -Mahatma Gandhi TRANSPARENCY: AN EFFECTIVE TOOL From the very beginning I would like to say that transparency is an effective tool in order for democracy to function and to prevent corruption. Transparency of government means that people can see what’s going on inside a government. The question rises here is that why government hide information from us? I think that hiding is a work of evil as old people says. So hiding information by the government from us is an evil work and when evil word is used in reference with government it mostly refers to CURROPTION. Corruption is the function of both opportunities to request and receive brief and the risk of detection. Corruption exists in every sector of a society. It damages the development of a nation by undermining faith in  public institutions, increases the cost of firm and discouraging the foreign and domestic investigations. According to the Transparency International’s 2009 repot corruption is the most rising challenge for business sectors both developing and industrialized counties. At the individual level, it raises the transaction cost and introduces reputational risk as well as opens up for extortion regardless of the sector and level of transaction, CORRUPTION HAMPER DEVELOPMENT. The UN point out that corruption takes many forms that very in degree, from the minor use of influence to in situationalized bribery. Corruption takes place in offline and online environments. Even if It take place in offline, which no doubt corruption does, it may leave trace online such as interpersonal communications, money transfer and indeed the opposite – lack in transaction.

Betrayal and Loyalty

Throughout the play, Iago manipulates the other characters into betraying one another so that he can get his ultimate betrayal on Othello. Shakespeare uses Iago as the main portrayer of betrayal throughout the entire play. He betrays all the other characters, but his main focus is on Othello. Despite that, he ends up betraying all the people closest to him. Iago’s betrayal starts off from the first scene page of the play right until the end. The audience learns Iago’s motive through his monologue: â€Å"Thus do I ever make my fool my pursel hate the moor, and it is thought abroad that ‘twixt my sheets’ has done my office. I know not if’t be true, but I, for mere suspicion in that kind will do as if for surety. † Iago suspects that Othello has had an affair with his wife. However, Shakespeare makes Iago’s motif very unclear; therefore, it can be argued that this is Iago’s excuse and in actual fact he has no reason other than he simply hates Othello. Iago wants to destroy Othello because Othello promoted Casio as chief lieutenant instead of him, which is another reason why Iago wants to destroy him. Iago is one of Shakespeare’s most complex villains. Initially, we see Iago’s character as pure evil, yet later we see him as a completely amoral person. Iago does not push aside his conscience to commit his evil plans, he simply lacks a conscience to begin with. Through Iago, Shakespeare shows us a character that acts against his reputation and betrays all this friends and loved ones. Through some careful thought out words and actions, Iago is able to manipulate others to do things in a way that benefits him and moves him closer to his ultimate goal. He is the main driving force of the play, pushing Othello and everyone towards their tragic end. Iago is smart. He is an expert judge of people as well as their character and uses this to his advantage. Iago is also quick on his feet, making him able to improvise when something unexpected occurs. Being as smart as he is, Iago is quick to recognize the advantages of trust and uses it as a tool to forward his main purpose. Throughout the story he is commonly known as the â€Å"honest Iago†. He even says himself, â€Å" I am an honest man†. Trust is a very powerful emotion that is easily betrayed. Iago is a master of betrayal. He slowly poisons people’s thoughts, creating ideas in their heads without risking himself. Iago is capable of anything, not even the brave soldier Othello is safe from this villain. Othello holds Iago to be his closest friend and advisor. He believes Iago to be a person, â€Å"of exceeding honest, who knows all qualities with learned spirit of human dealings†. Yes, he does know about human dealings, but he is not the honest man he appears to be. He uses Othello’s trust in him to eventually turn Othello into a man no better than himself. Othello is introduced to us in the first scene of the play in a negative light, when Iago and Rodrigo refer to him using derogatory terms such as, â€Å"The Moor†, â€Å"the thick lips†, â€Å"an old black ram† and â€Å"a Barbary horse†. Othello may be an outcast in Venice due to the color of his skin; however, he is a highly respected soldier. He is extremely skilled in his field and a loyal man; therefore, valuable to the state. Due to this, we soon learn of Othello as the noble man he is. Othello, however, has the â€Å"tragic flaw†. It is the internal imperfection in a hero that brings him down. His downfall becomes his own doing; he is no longer the victim of fate. The prejudice of those around him destroyed him, and they believed that, â€Å"A black man is an unattractive creature, not quite human, and unworthy of love†. Thinking this made him unable to believe that Desdemona could truly love him. This is why he believes Iago so easily when he convinces him Desdemona has had an affair. Othello betrays his wife by believing Iago’s word over hers, this then leads him to his ultimate betrayal when he kills her at the end of the play. At this point he also shows his loyalty to her by killing himself, stating that he can’t live without her. The man we see at the end of the play is not the loyal man we meet in the beginning. Othello has let the â€Å"green eyes monster of jealousy† turn him from a loyal soldier to a betrayer just like Iago. Desdemona is a lady of spirit and intelligence; she is the most direct, honest and loyal character of the play. She only betrays people to those to who she is loyal. Desdemona is a lady of few words, yet she makes sure every word counts to get her point across. In Desdemona’s eyes, Othello is the hero of many exciting and dangerous adventures; he is the orphan who needs love. These are the reasons Desdemona had fallen in love with Othello, despite all the nasty remarks from fellow Venetian citizens. Her marriage has brought her position and happiness, so much that she finds it unbearable to think that her husband has turned against her. This numbness lasts until she sees that he actually intends to kill her. She then puts up a defense, insisting on her loyalty and innocence. In despair of losing his love, she still defends him from consequences of his actions, but he is past seeing the truth: that she has committed herself to his love, and without it she cannot live. Othello ends up killing his wife, in spite of her loyalty toward him till the very end. By the end of the play, all characters have lost their loyalty to each other from what Iago as done to make them feel betrayed. Desdemona is left lifeless in her room, Iago kills his wife Emilia, as she reveals that Desdemona has been falsely accused of adultery, and Othello kills himself rather than living with what he has done. Iago is the only survivor by the end of the play, which further justifies his intelligence. All the characters have reached their downfall and Iago is finally pleased. He has completed the ultimate betrayal.

Research project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project - Research Paper Example Do appropriate candidature policies determine the votes a candidate gets? The response to this quiz is necessary for system modelling for a national election candidate’s success in the United Kingdom. If the political candidate’s policies primarily affects the manner in which voters will vote, other political forces such as party euphoria and candidate’s charisma would be irrelevant. It would then be imperative to understand how a nominee’s policies will affect the national legal, political structure in all aspects. On the other hand if policies don’t change the voting patterns, political candidates tend to focus on other significant elements. For instance, political candidate’s previous history and leadership qualities among others. Previous studies indicate that candidates with good policies command higher votes as compared to others. The clearest way of deciding if voting patterns are affected or prefer policy choices is by comparing voter s’ preferred policies and others (Kellstedt and Whitten, 2013). My research question will be: Does appropriate Party policies determine the number of votes a candidate is most likely to get? The research question tries to establish a link between setting down party policies with reference to voter turnout and how this shapes up. In this study, we identify the significance of party systems and its relationship to the number of votes a party’s nominee gets. Political party nominee’s get more votes as a result of appropriate party policies. In this case, the dependent variable is proposed, and the independent variable is party politics. As a result of proper party politics that citizens find appealing tends to attract more votes towards a party for its candidate while non-appealing policies tend to push away votes for a party’s nominee. In the hypothesis framework showing the

Woman study - Final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Woman study - Final exam - Essay Example But this wasn’t the case before. Just like there were discriminations between the black and the white, the poor and the rich, the oppressed and the oppressor, there was also a huge discrimination between Women and Men and their place in society. This discrimination was up to such a level that in some traditional cultures women were considered as nothing but an instrument of exploitation. They were seen as tools for cleaning, cooking, sex, giving birth to children, raising them up, and even worse ‘a punching bag’ in many instances. Women have borne the brunt of it all, violence, oppression, threats, sexual exploitation, and God knows what else. Talk about ‘coming up from the streets’ and a woman would know exactly what that means. After all those years of torment and ill-treatment, women have managed to rise up victorious because of men and women from across the world who spoke in one voice to stop this abuse. Feminists helped shape the future of women to a great extent by handing them the power to do what they felt was right with their life. This changed the era where women were maltreated so that a new era of equality began. There are different feminist theories that have been established and massively supported over an extensive period of time. A lot of other factors including, religion, courts, people, science, the media and even governments for that matter have had a major part to play to implement this change. These have sculpted society in a manner that would benefit everyone and send a fitting reply to few-narrow minded people who still live within their own shadows while they hang their heads low. The appearance of feminists’ theories was not occasional. Eventually, it came as a natural process. People were trying â€Å"to understand the nature, of social life, and hoe to transform inequitable social relationship.† Particular focus of many feminist theorists was the process of creation of sexual hierarchies . The other important focus was providing proper interpretation of these theories as well as explaining the reasons why these theories were created. To come close to the point, feminists tried to question standard social order and to spread their own idea about social life and the main social practices of this life. The other focus was put on the issue of sexual oppression that existed in our society. According to feminists, oppression was an undisputed part of human existence and marked the life of woman during those times. The article by Roberta Hamilton called â€Å"Gendering the Vertical Mosaic: Feminist Perspectives on Canadaian Society† indicates that there is a whole list of â€Å"proliferating and overlapping feminist perspectives regarding the issue of feminist (Shanley, Narayan, 1997). It means that feminist can be approached from different perspective. In this paper I will pay my attention to the following feminist perspectives: (1) liberal feminists, (2) socialis t feminists, (3) radical feminists, (4) lesbian feminists, (5) black feminists, (6) feminists of color. Liberal feminists is closely connected to the individualistic ideology of liberalism. The theory was first initiated by Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-97). Mary is the author of the document titled A Vindication of the Rights of Woman in 1792. The author of this theory was promoting the idea of â€Å"liberty, equality, and fraternity† (Chapter One. Feminist Theories, p.14). Mary Wollstonecraft’s theory was based on the idea that â€Å"women, like men, are rational being with the potential to be fully responsible for their own lives. (Chapter One. Feminist Theories, p.14) This statement clearly showed Mary Wollstonecraft’s social position. Mary was willing to see women as equal to men. The other import

Correct Survey Organization within Research Essay

Correct Survey Organization within Research - Essay Example Concerning the opinion on the flaws in a survey instrument design, the following strengths and weaknesses can be pointed out. First, if the questions are irrelevant, the research will be ineffective. However, when the research aims and objectives are well followed when formulating questions, such a problem cannot be observed. Second, it is true that failure to build rapport with the respondent before asking too hard and personal questions will put him/her off from answering any more questions. However, if the researcher is competent, creating rapport will be the priority once he/she come into contact with the respondent. After all, some respondents may be unwilling to cooperate, whether a rapport is created or not (Tourangeau, Roger, & Yan 2007). Third, use of jargons may make the respondent not understand what is being asked. This is not a big problem because the respondent is made to understand the questions during introduction. Fourth, asking of pointless and low-quality questions puts the respondent off easily. In fact, quality collected data largely depends on the quality of questions asked. In most instances, this is not a big problem because questions are formulated based on the objective of the research (Mitchell & Jolley 2010).Mathew 7:7 encourages the researcher to seek information. However, the verse does not encourage the researcher to be diligent. â€Å"Beloved, when I gave all diligence to write unto you of the common salvation, it was needful for me to write unto you.

Analysis of a Non-Profit Organization Assignment

Analysis of a Non-Profit Organization - Assignment Example According to the research study it is moral obligation of every individual to give back something to the community that has helped the individual to earn a living. Therefore, some people just contribute back to society by providing financial assistance while others dedicate their lives just to serve the ones in need. Non-profit organizations can operate in different fields like medical research, development programs, and health services and so on. The type of NPO that really interests me is Maryland Angels, which is a NPO that conducts research and treatments for cancer patients.   This paper stresses that  starting a non-profit organization is certainly one of the most inspiring way through which one can help those in need and give back to the community. The first and most important thing here is to always remember that serving community is more important than making money. Ironically, monetary contributions are equally important. Hence, the members serving the NPO will have to carefully balance monetary needs. This is also one of the reasons as to why it takes many years to sustain and grow a non-profit entity.  A non-profit organization’s success or failure is totally dependent on its foundations. The stronger the foundations the more people in the society would come forward to contribute.  Making a non-profit organization attractive to donors is probably the most difficult task. Not only has the very survival of the organization is depended on it but also an indication that the society is accepting it.

Business Management Production Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Management Production Management - Essay Example They are arranged in a sequence manner such that there is will be flow of work from one level to another until the final product is produced. (Lee, 1997) In franchising, a person with an idea for business (the franchisor) agrees to sell to another person (the franchisee) the rights to use his business name, provide a service to someone else or even sell a product. The parties involved usually bind them through a contractual provision and enter a franchise agreement. control in the area of protection. However, some franchise agreements normally do not provide area protection to the franchisee since there is lack of correspondence in bargaining power between franchisors and franchisees. Franchising usually offers franchisees a great advantage to start a business quickly thereby relieving them the problem of starting a business from a scratch and building the brand name that may take time. When the brand and formula are well designed, franchisors expand their brand rapidly across the continent thereby reaping massive profits as franchisee the hard work of dealing with customers. Franchises have an advantage also to the customers as they offer a consistent product or service. (Howard, 1996) By simply observing the layout and design of a company's production facility, one can easily learn the company's culture. ... Franchises have an advantage also to the customers as they offer a consistent product or service. (Howard, 1996) d) What one learns about a company's culture by observing the layout and design of its production facility By simply observing the layout and design of a company's production facility, one can easily learn the company's culture. Observing the layout and design in the production unit, one can easily learn the company's' culture since one sees how the workers as specifically behaving and the production activities therein. For this case, the unique behaviors that have been identified by employees of that company can be known and their production process. How the production facility has been designed and laid down, one can deduce the behaviors of the workers from it. Part 2 1. Top two ways in which culture and cultural differences interact with the notion of motivation. Culture and cultural differences interact with the notion of motivation. Culture which the particular behavior that has been identified by a group people while the cultural differences are the notable difference between two groups such as traditions, language and mode of dressing. The interaction between and cultural differences brings motivation among the group since one is eager to learn a different culture in order for him to equip himself with that unique knowledge which is rare in his own culture. The basic idea for this kind of an interaction is to ensure that people involved are always motivated in their areas of operation. This is so because, it breaks the monotony as they switch to something new. For one to be motivated, one has to satisfy his needs as satisfied need do not influence one's behavior but unsatisfied needs do influence one behavior. (Deci and Ryan, 1985) 2.

EU Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EU - Case Study Example td justified its actions by pointing to some provisions in the sex discrimination act 1975 that allowed discrimination in regard to employee retirement. By referring to section 6(4) of the act, section 6(2) does not apply to retirement or death. Also, the equal pay act 1970 did not prevent an employer from using discriminatory retirement ages on men and women. Thus, s6 (2) of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and the Equal Pay Act 1970 did not help Mrs Duke win her case against her employer. The equal treatment directive states that any discrimination is unlawful. However, it is normally possible for a state to fail in implementing the directive. In such a situation, the claimant has to prove that it was the state’s failure to do what it was required to do. Since the directive had not been implemented by the state, it is acceptable for the state to compensate the claimant. However, for the state to be required to compensate the employee, the employer has to be considered an arm of the state. Since Mrs Duke’s employer was a private employer, her claim will not be allowed. Both the Sex Discrimination Act and Equal Pay Act did not reflect the Equal Treatment Directive simply because the state had failed to implement the directive. As such, individuals would be deprived of some of their rights. This reasoning swayed the court’s opinion hence making them to rule against the appellant by stating that discrimination in relation to retirement was allowed. Lord Templeman relied on the Von Colson Case to make judgement on the case that lay before him. He argued that the Von Colson Case did not enable the German court to invent a law of adequate compensation when such law does not exist. Also, the case is no authority in the proposition that a member state court should distort a domestic statute’s meaning to achieve or conform with community law. Therefore, lord Templeman stated that it was unfair to GEC Reliance Ltd distort the meaning of the sex discrimination act

China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

China - Research Paper Example Taoism, Confucianism and other traditional beliefs are practiced by a quarter of the population. We can also see a small number of them are Christians, Muslims and Buddhists. It should be noted that since the nineteenth century there has been active catholic and protestant ministries but the progress to convert Chinese people to this religions has not been that effective. China has seven main dialects; these are mandarin, Hakka, Gan, Xiang, Cantonese, Wu, and Min. Mainland China has Putonghua the type of Mandarin that is based on the speech as its official national language. When writing the language in text it is symbol based. Just as geographical aspects and ethnic diversity influence the Chinese life so does it also affect the cuisine aspect. Cantonese way of cooking is among the main styles and comprises of Sezchuan and stir-fried dishes. Sezchuan mostly relies on using peanuts, ginger and sesame paste, it is well known for its spiciness. Fan is the Chinese word referring to rice but it also means meal. Rice is a staple food for the Chinese as well as scallions, bean sprouts and cabbage. Their consumption of meat is little but they occasionally indulge in chicken or pork. Their main source of protein is tofu. The rich mystical and spiritual history surrounding China plays a great role in their art. Many of the artistic pieces such as paintings and sculptures depict spiritual Buddhism figures. Music is also an integral part in their lives and some of the instruments such as the flute-like xun and the guqin are evidence. These instruments are in the Zither family. Musical history of the Chinese culture dates back to the beginning of its existence. Many of the movies we watch in theaters and at times in the comfort of our homes by the Chinese people show the kung-fu form of martial arts which has its birthplace in china. Chinese ancestors from ancient times were philosophers and avid writers especially in the famous Ming and Qing dynasties which is clearly ref lected in the liturgical history of china that is very rich. The beginning of the lunar year is marked by the spring festival which is also the largest festival taking place between mid-January and mid February. This is considered a time to honor the ancestors. The celebration lasts for fifteen days during which the children thoroughly clean their homes signifying a new beginning or a fresh start. Fireworks mark the holiday together with parades of dancers dressed as dragons. A great number of people make pilgrimages to the birthplace of Confucius in the province of Shandong. This is mostly during his birthday on September twenty eighth. People in China also observe the birthday of the goddess of mercy, Guanyin by visiting Taoist temples. It takes place between the months of late March and late April. The goddess of the sea known as Mazu or Tainhou has her birthday being celebrated in the months of May or June. In September or October they celebrate the Moon festival with moon gazin g, paper lanterns and fireworks. Edward L Davis’s book, the encyclopedia of contemporary Chinese culture has a great deal of historical information that is very educative but on a more important note it enlightens the reader about modern China. This book is a plethora on diverse aspects of culture in regards to the Chinese people and the author also did not forget to put into light the major cities that are present in China such as

No definition of a miracle is adequate Essay Example for Free

No definition of a miracle is adequate Essay Many philosophers have attempted to define what exactly constitutes a miracle in a number of ways outlining definitions which contain the criteria for what phenomena can be counted as miraculous. Whether a definition is adequate seems highly subjective but will likely be one that is acceptable by non-Christians as well as Christians who in all probability will want a definition that accepts many of the miracle in the Bible to indeed be miraculous. Mackie’s definition of miracles describing them as events that occur when the world is not left alone and is intruded by something that is not part of the natural order necessitates that miracles are caused by a supernatural entity which may be considered to be God. This appears to suggest that his definition would indeed be adequate for some Christians given that it sets apart miracles from coincidences turning them into occurrences which could provide evidence for their faith. Moreover it allows a more specific idea of what constitutes a miracles disallowing events with an entirely naturalistic explanation maintaining them as unique events. However, Hick likely would criticise Mackie’s arguments for not be adequate given the ambiguity of what the natural order and the laws that govern it are. Hick suggested that laws were generalisations that are formed after events have happened, suggesting that that the natural order couldn’t be intruded upon. Also it may be that what is perceived to be an intrusion by something outside of the natural order is actually just a lack of understanding of the natural order on our part. This means that though an event such as the Moon Landing would have been defined as inadequate centuries ago, today it would not. This undermines the adequacy of the definition given that what it encompasses will change with time. A further issue with the adequacy of Mackie’s definition is that it could be argued to not be sufficiently specific given that it makes no attempt to define what exactly constitutes something distinct from the natural order, and it may in fact not be God. This would undermine its adequacy for Christians who believe that God is responsible for causing miracles and may not accept they are caused by other beings. Swinburne’s definition of a miracle appears to resolve this issue defining miracles as a violation of a law of nature by a god (a very powerful rational being who is not a material object). That said, the requirement for God to intervene in the world poses a number of challenges to Swinburnes’ definition especially given that God’s need to intervene in his creation contradicts the idea that he is an all powerful being if the world requires changes. Additionally philosophers like Wiles would argue that if God has the ability to intervene in the world in order to perform miracles in certain instances then his failure to prevent evil and suffering in the world undermines his characteristic of omni-benevolence. For this reason a definition that requires God’s intervention to cause miracles may be inadequate given the contradictions that would occur if such an event happened. On the other hand, many Christians do accept that God intervenes in the world and if so this definition of miracles may indeed be adequate also determining whether God is responsible for an event may be impossible as it may just be due to limited understanding of events. Additionally, Swinburne’s definition is undermined by Hick’s challenge arguably even more so than Mackies given his explicit use of the term ‘natural laws’ and also would likely be subject to change as understanding changes. Holland’s definition of miracles appears to avoid the contractions associated with Swinburne and Mackie’s explanations not requiring the physical intervention of God suggesting from the outset that it may be more adequate. This is because Holland only requires miracles to be an extraordinary coincidence of a beneficial nature interpreted religiously. The emphasis on interpretation also removes the difficulties associated with determining the cause of the miracle while still encompassing Biblical miracles. However it would likely be criticised for being too subjective given that different people would differ on whether the same event is miraculous. Additionally the Catholic church which usually requires a person to have performed at least two miracles in order to be Canonized as a saint would likely not accept miracles as defined by Holland as they only accept events without naturalistic explanation suggesting the definition is inadequate for how the term miracle is used by some Christian denominations. In conclusion, it seems probable that no definition of miracles is adequate given that although Swinburne and Mackie’s definition of miracles may encompass many of the instances of how miracles are used, they are undermined by the difficulty in determining natural laws and also whether God physically intervened. Likewise while Holland goes some way to avoiding these contradictions in his definition it remains highly subjective and also doesn’t reflect how miracles are used in Christianity. Additionally it will likely also lead to significant differences between what people consider miracles. Moreover, the existence of so many contrasting definitions of miracles suggests that there isn’t a single definition that is adequate given that there is no consensus on what makes an event miraculous so any definition will be subject to significant disagreement. For this reason the statement that no definition of miracle is adequate can be considered to be true.

Linux Security Essay Example for Free

Linux Security Essay While researching the regulatory requirements needed for First World Bank Savings and Loans I found that a security policy against current server architecture is required to be implemented. The CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability) triad is taken into account when analyzing the multiple servers in reference to Linux and Open Source managing security demands. The Database Server requires the administrators go further in terms of technical design through a Linux architecture method. MySQL can be utilized as a backend and comes with script availability to remove test databases, lower systems and data base privileges (Jang, 2011). This method will allow successful requirement of all networking layers. The Apache Web Server allows the ability to harden the Linux kernel within Apache (Prashant, 2013). The patch available is grsecurity and allows protection against zero-day vulnerabilities while utilizing ksplice to update the kernal on time (Prashant, 2013). Samba is used for the file server and has many features to restrict access to what is shared. This includes enforcing password requirements, filtering at the network level, and a check going against group memberships (Jang, 2011). The SMTP server will be Sendmail. Sendmail comes with the security feature of encrypting the connection (Jang, 2011). We will also need a virus scanning program to ensure mail coming in does not have virus attachments. The LDAP server will be utilized as the central authentication server so that the involved users have a login that is unified and covers all console logins (LDAP NExt, 2010). Works Cited Jang, M. (2011). Security Strategies in Linux Platforms and Applications. Jones Bartlett Learning. LDAP NExt. (2010, 06). The official Red Hat Reference Guide. Retrieved from http://www.centos.org/docs/2/rhl-rg-en-7.2/s1-ldap-uses.html Prashant, P. (2013, 10 10). Linux for you. Retrieved from http://www.linuxforu.com/2011/05/securing-database-servers/.

Broad Classification Of Work Motivational Theories Commerce Essay

Broad Classification Of Work Motivational Theories Commerce Essay The work motivation theories can be broadly classified as content theories and process theories. The content theories are concerned with identifying the needs that people have and how needs are prioritized. They are concerned with types of incentives that drive people to attain need fulfillment. The Maslow hierarchy theory, Fredrick Herzbergs two factor theory and Alderfers ERG needs theory fall in this category. Although such a content approach has logic, is easy to understand, and can be readily translated in practice, the research evidence points out limitations. There is very little research support for these models theoretical basic and predictability. The trade off for simplicity sacrifices true understanding of the complexity of work motivation. On the positive side, however, the content models have given emphasis to important content factors that were largely ignored by human relationists. In addition the Alderfers ERG needs theory allows more flexibility and Herzbergs two-fa ctor theory is useful as an explanation for job satisfaction and as a point of departure for job design. The process theories are concerned with the cognitive antecedents that go into motivation and with the way they are related to one another. The theories given by Vroom, Porter and Lawler, equity theory and attribution theory fall in this category. These theories provide a much sounder explanation of work motivations. The expectancy model of Vroom and the extensions and the refinements provided by Porter and Lawler help explain the important cognitive variables and how they relate to one another in the process of work motivation. The Porter Lawler model also gives specific attention to the important relationship between performance and satisfaction. A growing research literature is somewhat supportive of these expectancy models, but conceptual and methodological problems remain. Unlike the content models, these expectancy models are relatively complex and difficult to translate into actual practice. They have also failed to meet the goals of prediction and control Motivation Theory 1 Adams Equity Theory of Work Motivation The theory explains that a major input into job performance and satisfaction is the degree of equity or inequity that people perceive in work situations. Adam depicts a specific process of how this motivation occurs. Inequality occurs when a person perceives that the ratio of his or her outcomes to inputs and the ratio of a relevant others outcomes to inputs are unequal. Our Outcomes Our Inputs Others Inputs Our Outcomes = Others Outcomes = Equity Our Inputs Others Inputs Our Outcomes > Others Outcomes = Inequity (over-rewarded) Our Inputs Others Inputs Both the inputs and the outputs of the person and the other are based upon the persons perceptions, which are affected by age, sex, education, social status, organizational position, qualifications, and how hard the person works, etc. Outcomes consist primarily of rewards such as pay, status, promotion, and intrinsic interest in the job. Equity sensitivity is the ratio based upon the persons perception of what the person is giving (inputs) and receiving (outcomes) versus the ratio of what the relevant is giving and receiving. This cognition may or may not be the same as someone elses observation of the ratios or the same as the actual situation. If the persons perceived ratio is not equal to the others, he or she will strive to restore the ratio to equity. This striving to restore equity is used as the explanation of work motivation. The strength of this motivation is in direct proportion to the perceived inequity that exists. Research suggests that individuals engage in illegal behaviors to maintain equity in relationships, either with their employing organization or with other people (Greenberg, 1990). The theory was later expanded with the concept of Organizational Justice. Organizational justice reflects the extend to which people perceive that they are treated fairly at work. It identified three different components of justice: distributive (The perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed), procedural (The perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make allocation decisions) and interactional (The perceived fairness of the decision makers behavior in the process of decision-making). (Copanzano, Rupp, Mohler and Schminke, 2001). Critiques: Equity theory is descriptive and it reflects much of our everyday experience. As a theory however equity is only partial in analysis and as a predictor. There are many societal and institutional variables (inequalities) that we all navigate. The theory ignores peoples natural resilience, their competitiveness, selflessness and selfishness, their ethical dilemmas in decision-making and their passions. It does not adequately explain interactions in close relationships such as marriage or emotional labor where we may provide care to others at a burdensome cost of declining personal well-being and self-denial. Norms of equity and reciprocity are often discounted in close and romantic friendships or where there are deep family bonds. In the social exchanges of business, causal, or stranger relationships, there may be more of a dominant assumption that inputs are offered with the expectation of a like response. There is more of a formal contract of tangible and intangible reward. A promise unfulfilled, without proper reciprocity incurs a debt of honor. A promise is broken. In our community, obligations of reciprocal response operate. We are expected to apply the Golden Rule and to help where we can an act ably demonstrated by the Parable of the Good Samaritan. Social exchange theory assumes rational, calculated action involving an expected pay-off. We do not always act rationally. Many will not be as selfish as rational action may suggest. Indeed our reward may be the inner glow of respecting oneself and living to ones own values. Such altruism, albeit self-referential, does not sit easily under the assumptions of the rational, economic-person model. Implications It is necessary to pay attention to what employees perceive to be fair and equitable. For example: In my company, one of my colleagues was assigned to a project that required him to work during non business hours frequently. He worked three days at the office and two days at home in a week for a month and half. This caused others to start working from home during business hours. Allow employees to have a voice and an opportunity to appeal. Organizational changes, promoting cooperation, etc. can come easier with equitable outcomes. Managements failure to achieve equity could be costly for the organization. For example: One of my technically team members was not very competent. He took double the time to complete any give work when compared to the others. Management failed to take any action; instead the others were given more work. Eventually, even the competent workers took it easy to restore equity causing project delays. Motivation Theory 2 Vrooms Expectancy Theory of Motivation: Expectancy theory provides a framework for analyzing work motivation, which is eminently practical. It provides a checklist of factors to be considered in any managerial situation and it points to the links between the relevant factors and the direction, which these factors tend to follow in their interrelationships. (Tony J. Watson, Routledge Kegan Paul, 1986). Expectancy theory holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of expected outcomes. It can be used to predict motivation and behavior in any situation in which a choice between two or more alternatives must be made. (Kreitner R. Kinicki A., Mcgraw Hill, 7th Edition). Vroom gave the following equation of Motivation: Motivation (M) = Valence (V) x Expectancy (E) Valence stands for the preference of an individual for a particular outcome. Thus, when an individual desires a particular outcome the value of V is positive. On the other hand when the individual does not desire a certain outcome, the value of V is negative. The value of expectancy ranges between zero and one. When a certain event will definitely not occur the value of E is zero. On the other hand when the event is sure to occur the value of E is one. Since its original conception, the expectancy theory model has been refined and extended many times. The better know of all is the Porter-Lawler model. Although conventional wisdom argues that satisfaction leads to performance, Porter and Lawler argued the reverse. If rewards are adequate, high levels of performance may lead to satisfaction. In addition to the features included in the original expectancy model, the Porter-Lawler model includes abilities, traits, and role perceptions. Critiques: Vrooms theory does not directly contribute to the techniques of motivating people. It is of value in understanding organizational behavior. It clarifies the relation between individuals and the organizational goals. The model is designed to help management understand and analyze employee motivation and identify some to the relevant variables. However, the theory falls short of providing specific solutions to the motivational problems. The theory also does not take into account the individual differences based on individual perceptions nor does it assume that most people have the same hierarchy of needs. It treats as a variable to be investigated just what it is that particular employees are seeking in their work. Thus the theory indicates only the conceptional determinants of motivation and how they are related. Research studies have confirmed that the association of both kinds of expectancies and valences with effort and performance. The motivated behavior of people arises from their valuing expected rewards, believing effort will lead to performance, and that performance will result in desired rewards. The expectancy theory explains motivation in the U.S. better than elsewhere and therefore may not be suitable for other regions. Implications This theory can be used by the managers to: Â · Determine the primary outcome each employee wants. Â · Decide what levels and kinds of performance are needed to meet organizational goals. Â · Make sure the desired levels of performance are possible. Â · Link desired outcomes and desired performance. Â · Analyze the situation for conflicting expectations. Â · Make sure the rewards are large enough. Â · Make sure the overall system is equitable for everyone. Motivation Theory 3 Maslows Theory of Hierarchy of Need: Maslow believed that within every individual, there exists a hierarchy of five needs and that each level of need must be satisfied before an individual pursues the next higher level of need (Maslow, 1943). As an individual progresses through the various levels of needs, the proceeding needs loose their motivational value. The basic human needs placed by Maslow in an ascending order of importance can be summarized and shown as below: The desire to become what one is capable of becoming. These are the needs to be held in esteem both by oneself and by others. These are the needs to belong and to be accepted by various groups. These are the needs to be free of physical danger. The safety needs look to the future. These are the basic needs for sustaining human life itself, such as food, water, warmth, shelter, and sleep. Maslow in his later work (Maslow, 1954) said: 1. Gratification of the self-actualization need causes an increase in its importance rather than a decrease. 2. Long deprivation of a given need, results in fixation for that need. 3. Higher needs may emerge not after gratification, but rather by long deprivation, renunciation or suppression of lower needs. 4. Human behavior is multi-determined and multi-motivated. Critiques: Part of the appeal of Maslows theory is that it provides both a theory of human motives by classifying basic human needs in a hierarchy and the theory of human motivation that relates these needs to general behavior. Maslows major contribution lies in the hierarchical concept. He was the first to recognize that a need once satisfied is a spent force and ceases to be a motivator. Maslows need hierarchy presents a paradox in as much as while the theory is widely accepted, there is a little research evidence available to support the theory. It is said that beyond structuring needs in a certain fashion Maslow does not give concrete guidance to the managers as to how they should motivate their employees. Implications: The need hierarchy as postulated by Maslow does not appear in practice. It is likely that over fulfillment of anyones particular need may result in fixation for the need. In that case even when a particular need is satisfied a person may still engage in the fulfillment of the same need. Furthermore, in a normal human being, all the needs are not always satisfied entirely. There remains an unsatisfied corner of every need in spite of which the person seeks fulfillment of the higher need. A person may move on to the next need in spite of the lower need being unfulfilled or being partly fulfilled. Conclusion No single motivation theory can suffice in todays workplace. Each motivational theory has its pros and cons. A theory may get the highest performance from an employee but may not from another employee. The organizations workplace has changed dramatically in the past decade. Companies are both downsizing and expanding (often at the same time, in different divisions or levels of the hierarchy). Work is being out-sourced to various regions and countries. The workforce is characterized by increased diversity with highly divergent needs and demands. Information technology has frequently changed both the manner and location of work activities. New organizational forms (such as e-commerce) are now common. Teams are redefining the notion of hierarchy, as well as traditional power distributions. The use of contingent workers is on the rise and globalization and the challenges of managing across borders are now the norm. These changes have had a profound influence on how companies attempt to attract, retain, and motivate their employees. Yet we lack new models capable of guiding managers in this new era of work. As management scholar Peter Cappelli notes, Most observers of the corporate world believe that the traditional relationship between employer and employee is gone, but there is little understanding of why it ended and even less about what is replacing that relationship (Cappelli, 1999). I believe that the existing work motivation and job performance theories are inadequate to cater to the present era of such diverse workforce. New theories of motivation are required to commensurate with this new era.

Differences between Mr Birling and the Inspector in An Inspector Calls :: English Literature

Essay on the differences between Mr Birling and the Inspector â€Å"An Inspector calls† Essay on the differences between Mr Birling and the Inspector The play was written in 1945 and set in 1912 with a society very different from ours. The society of 1912 was divided into classes and how much money you had. People were not treated as equals and those of a lower class (e.g. Eva Smith), were treated with disrespect and no equality by those of a higher class with bullying attitudes and influences (e.g. Mr Birling and his family). The main theme of the play is trying to put across a strong view to respect each other and treat people as your equal, no matter what their race, status etc, may be. The play and its message, I think, is aimed at the younger generation, who will one day have the power and influence to change the society we live in. Mr Birling’s social background is different from his wife’s. Although they are of the same class, Mrs Birling’s family is higher than Mr Birling is. He is always trying to impress people (e.g.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Lord Mayor two years ago†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"†¦knighthood†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). He has a great air about him, trying to prove that he is of high class and important. The Birling’s family life is not quite what it seems. It is clear that Mr Birling and his wife still treat their two children (Eric and Sheila), like little children, trying to intimidate them. They also don’t seem to be close to their children. A quote that demonstrates this is on page 32, when Mrs Birling finds out that her son is a heavy drinker. At the start of the play, the family are sitting at their dinner table, celebrating Sheila and Gerald’s engagement. However, Mr Birling soon shows his true feelings on the engagement when he says that the marriage would be a great business opportunity, (page 4). The role of the Inspector throughout the play is that he is trying to make the Birling’s take responsibility for their actions towards Eva smith. He has a moralising attitude and isn’t afraid or intimidated by Mr Birling’s bullying attitude. The Inspector’s words/speeches hold hidden depths of what is happening around us and how we treat people can have dramatic consequences. He is trying to achieve the impossible with the Birling’s. he tries to make them see what consequences their actions had and to take responsibility for their part in driving Eva to suicide. His final speech on page 56 has a big effect on Sheila and Eric (and the reader). He finally gets through to Sheila and Eric and is sympathetic

The War on Terrorism Essay -- Religion, Islam, Taliban

Before the September 11 attacks many Americans believed the United States, a country founded upon its bravery and freedom, was untouchable. On that dreadful day, America was knocked off its pedestal and forced into the war on terror. Inadvertently to many Americans, they fail to realize why this war was unique and not like any other conflict the United States has come across before. America now faced a new type of enemy the Taliban, an organization known for its ruthless behavior and severe attacks and driven by the true nation of Islam. Many Americans wondered why such a violent organization would attack the United States, as well as, what would drive an organization to revert to such evil tactics. Upon research to answers to these questions all too often religion came into play. The nation of Islam seems to be the driving force into the war on terrorism. Religion has always been a controversial subject. Many had suffered and loss their lives because of their personal beliefs. Strangely, what’s even more revealing is that the nation of Islam has an integral role in the war on terror. The nation of Islam has ties to some of the most dangerous and violent groups of people. Within the nation of Islam there are a couple of groups that are notorious for their terrorist behavior. The Taliban, Hamas, and the Hezbollah are the most lethal and violent. For example, the Taliban was founded in 1994, which is pretty young for organization that is notoriously known for violence. The Taliban began as a small group of students that studied Islam from Afghan refugee camps (Berman 4). The Taliban members were poor and started off originally with good intentions. They sought to provide services, both spiritual and tangible to local residents... ...fer about the idea of religion having its role on terrorist organizations. As stated by Professor John Esposito of Georgetown University, he says† So, is it religion that causes terrorism? Does Islam in particular have a terrorism problem?† The question is simple but the answer is difficult to define. Of course religion has its role on terrorist organizations but the concept of terrorists groups having just radical members is absurd. Many of the members of these organizations are moderate and believe that such attacks like the September 11 attacks are justifiable (Esposito 1). The point that many fail to realize is that radicals simply wield religion instrumentally (Esposito 1). Members of these organizations used religion to make the things they do justifiable. Comparably many of the members of the Taliban and other organizations are considered to be fanatics.

Teenage Suicide :: Teenage Suicide Essays

Teenage Suicide   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The killing of own life intentionally is referred as suicide. Over the past years, American society has been concerned about this issue, especially teenage suicide. The suicide rate among teenagers is not constant for a period of time; it keeps changing over time. Most of the time, the suicide rate among boys is greater than that among girls.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Different types of people in our society respond to this issue in different ways. Earlier in this year, some 932 parents of adolescents completed a questionnaire of 30 common psychological medical concerns of adolescence, among which suicide was one item. They were asked how important it is for pediatricians to discuss these with their kids during checkups. The result showed that more than 66% of the parents being questioned said 29 of the 30 items were important to be discussed with their teenage children. This survey showed that American parents are somehow concerned about suicide among teenagers. This concern is pervasive among American teenagers. In 1993, a national survey of adolescents about their knowledge of, and attitudes toward, youth suicide was made. The survey reulted that 60% of the teenagers reported knowing another teen who had attempted suicide while 6% reported having make an attempt themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The above two examples indicates that it is very important for parents, counselors, or different institutions to become aware of the reasons and symptons of teenage suicide and to find out possible preventive procedures. Recently, an examination of suicide rates among Black and White adolescents from 1986 to 1991 was made. It showed that suicide rate among girls of all ethnicities remained stable. Also, the rate for White boys were pretty much stabilized; however, the rate for Black and other minority boys increased significantly. Those increases were more rapid in areas where suicide rates were historically low. This phenomenon tells that there are various kinds of reasons for suicide and different types of methods for suicide are also being used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the late 1970s and early 1980s in Oxford, the rate of deliberate self-poisoning and self-injury in older female teenagers declined, but it increased again between 1986 and 1989. For male adolescents, self-poisoning with minor tanquillizers and sedatives had declined, but paracetamol self- poisoning increased in that period. In Zimbabwe, young women during 1970s used poison as the method of suicide; however, self-immolation was frequently being used in the mid 1980s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are various types of reasons why teenagers commit suicide. Suicide in teenagers is sometimes linked to, or in relation with, vision therapy. It was argued that an inadequate level of concentration or short attention span of a patient is a common cause for the academic, personality, and behavioral

Creative Toys Company

The role of social system in the case was highly important because in the organization, The Creative Toys Company, all the people in it and their relationships to one another are mutually interdependent. This was evident in the case wherein in the transportation department, the eight members divided their work among themselves in order produce more toys. Thus, at the beginning, their department surpassed all other departments in production for 12 months. The impact on productivity is that the employees had a dysfunctional effect on the organization because they were unwilling to use their talents and were resistant to to organizational changes. This was based on the case wherein the physical layout of the department did not facilitate efficient traffic flow to and from the other departments hence the plant manager decided to call in consultants to determine a way production could be increased without physical expansion and the suggestion was for the rearrangement of the work areas in the transportation department. Two months after the change was implemented, the department’s productivity was declining hence it seemed they didn’t want to do good with their job because they were unsatisfied with the organizational change. In terms of the organization’s communication, it seems that the organization was not able to convey the key elements of the firm’s culture and vividly reinforce the values of the organization. This was based on the case wherein the plant manager tried to convey to Mr. Wilson the problem of the department but instead of keeping an open mind and listening to the needs of his employees, he just disregarded it. By not listening to his employees, Mr. Wilson did not give them the chance to have individualization which led the employees to rebel since they didn’t have a strong impact or influence on the organization. An informal organization is defined as a network of personal and social relationships (alliances, cliques, friendships) that arise as p eople associate with other people in a work environment. In the case, this informal organization caused the issue that Mr. Wilson was trying to figure out. A system could be considered as the heart of an organization that makes its different departments function well just like organs, but it should never be forgotten that it is still the humans that run the system. Without humans, the system of a company or an organization, no matter how technologically advanced it is, will be useless. As shown in the case, Mr. Wilson even hired special consultants to analyse and change the business process but in the end, they found out that the problem they were looking for was not in the system but actually in the people running the system, which were the employees. This is because the employees had an informal organization brought about by a single reason which is salary related. The informal organization is their way of voicing out their concern to the management and making their presence felt. Their somehow rebellious act caused a dysfunctional effect to the company that forced the management to look for the current issue affecting the company’s performance. There are a lot of factors that motivate people. Some motivations are just because of a deadline, some because of the rewards they get for doing a great job, or just the self fulfilment involved in the whole process of doing the job. Motivation also contributes a lot in the quality of output or work and plays a good role in maximizing a person’s potential. Making a person feel important, and giving him the proper respect and value as a person will make him feel motivated to do better and maintain this image that you have of him especially if you are the boss. Although, giving a person a reason not to get motivated can have its toll on you as a leader and as part of an organization that is output oriented. Lack of motivation will transform a person’s point of view towards work, lack of motivation will turn every task into a burden instead of an opportunity to strive and do better. In the case, Mr. Wilson probably was a nice boss due to the fact that his workers has stayed with him for at least 2 years. The problem comes in when there is an issue involving all workers that affect their motivation to work, which is their low salary. No matter how much changes to the system Mr. Wilson does, the results stayed the same because this one issue has caused the workers to not strive to do better anymore. They lacked the motivation to prove their worth to Mr. Wilson by actually trying to do more than what is expected of them.

Men

There ar very few pics and even up pocket-sized television shows that ar classical. galore(postnominal) survey to the theatre to catch up on their mavins which they robotically follow in the tabloid b be-assedspapers. For those who uniform to be entertained by cerebration provoking mental pictures by style of the oblivious(p) blockbusters, there are few to postulate from. The Ox Bow Incident, The China Syndrome, Schlinders List and 12 irate custody all serve as a unalike kind of flick unrivalled with a subject that needs to be absorbed and blobd.(Maltin, 145)The criteria for the peach may be different save all of the abovementi singled de drawations, or rather take aways, specifically 12 gaga hands, serve to portray a mess grow that is metreless. It is the message that adept has the moral account super force and is encouraged in a exculpate democracy, to stand up for injustice by speaking mavens principal freely. This premise forget al counselings be epochless and the fact that this celluloid was take in depressed and white, 50 days ago and with 95% of the picture show be savour in accepted measure and in solo the gore room, has little signifi supportce on the importance of the motion picture and its impact.(Carr, 83)In 12 wrathful Men, 12 jurors are faced with the power to expiry the life of a adolescent gentleman that is incriminate of killing his father. It is 1950s vernal York and the Puerto Ri gouge population, of which the impeach is p maneuver of, is immigrating to New York in large numbers, causing distress and superlative the ire on the majority.(Weiler, B1) Racist assumptions, coupled with the complete apathy of to the highest degree of the jurors towards the approaching(prenominal) of the criminate hurl it an uphill b give away for total heat Fondas character to incline the opposite eleven jurors to at least give the boy a clean-living hearing and to ignore, for an afternoon, the mischiefs that would compel them to quickly voting for the death of this young man.The characterization whole kit and has stood the test of time because of the actors, the unique way in which it was slam and the subject subject area of the film. This movie is required viewing for umpteen a(prenominal) law classes and is beingness examine somewhere in the country nearly every(prenominal) day of the week. One way in which the movie whole caboodle is that is speaks to the impediments that racial prejudices carry on non only golf club as a whole exclusively on the several(prenominal) as much(prenominal) hatred wars against the happiness and messagement of the individual are all key outn in the movie.The jurors that cute the accused to get the death punishment stopmed to be the angriest. This was specifically the case with the exitly hold outs towards an acquittal. Jurors 3 and 10 compete by leeward J. Cobb and Edward Beagley. The boy is Hispanic, Puerto Rican to be specific and is referred to as single of them on a number of occasions. ( Lumet, 1957) If it was non make obvious in the film, our better skilled eyes and ears can easily sympathise that the comment has racist overtones within it and exit al most(prenominal) certainly cloud the ability for those jurors to pick out with an dispassionate mind.Movies that invite feature master(prenominal) messages were sometimes disoriented because each the actors were of an average quality and/or the melt d stimulate of the movie just didnt work. The most obvious rea parole that this movie kit and boodle is because of the stellar performances by hydrogen Fonda, Lee J. Cobb, Jack Warman and Jack Klugman to name a few. M some(prenominal) times, the importance of a movie and its message is lost because the general unrestricted simply did non like the movie.An shell of this is The Ox Bow Incident. Made in 1943 and starring Henry Fonda. Its serious content did non translate to an auditory sense during WWII and the movie was lost, only to be rediscovered decades later as an important film. ( Maltin, 146 ) 12 fierce Men, though not a blockbuster, was seen as an important movie by critics and the New York Times, at the time of the movies exhalation, called it recreation with a message. The movie works because it is socialize and as a result, its ability to scope a blanket(a)r listening and to be prize by said audition is that oftentimes more magnified.The movie in like manner works because a contemporary audience can see that it was ahead of its time in its subject matter and message. The suppositions of standing up for ones beliefs were nothing new in film. John Wayne was seen standing up to the perceived evil Native the Statesns as he helped steal their land and the audiences broadly speaking loved him for it. further the idea that person would stand up for the rights of a young man with a violent quondam(prenominal) who was a minority, was something new in mainstream Hollywood. What was even more important was the fact that Henry Fonda stood up for the boy by pointing out the ageism and most importantly, racialism of one half of the jurors and the apathy towards their responsibility of the opposite half. It is the way in which Henry Fonda and an persistent cast portray the message to the audience that makes this movie work and willing fall out to work for years to come.The movie also works because it was different from the majority of the movies coming out at that time. There was no love story, no historically inexact western, no blockbuster that was high on explosions and weak on story line that a drama in its purest forms. The movie was filmed in down(p) and white when the majority of the studios was trying to scrap the oncoming influence of television and was move vehemently towards Technicolor.There are no dream sequences, no mysterious tv camera angles or special personal effects and alike Fonda and Co bb, no real stars. The movie is shot in real time and 95% of the movie was shot in a single room. If this script was shown to whatsoever ceremonious actor today, the movie would be off-key down. On paper, the film just does not work just when put on the big screen and with the performances of the actors and the way in which the message is portrayed to the audience, it would do anything but fail.The movie also works because ageism, sexism and racism are ongoing problems in America today. A enormous deal of draw close has been do since 12 Angry Men was produced over 50 years ago. And with chirk up Obama announcing his candidacy for President just last week to a rock star welcome, it helps to show how much progress has been made.However, with despise crimes occurring across the country and people remedy judging others simply by the way that they look, talk or act, 12 Angry Men still speaks about a subject that a contemporary audience can still appreciate and could record fro m. This is the test of any huge movie Will it stand the test of time? 12 Angry Men does so for so numerous reasons and that is why the movie works.The prejudices involved in the movie not only remove to do with the accusers race but also his age and his background. In many a(prenominal) homage cases, the olden of the accused is not allowed in court as it is seen as being prejudice towards the accused. In the movie, the accused had a recollective list of violent and non-violent crimes since he was ten. Many of the jurors see this as proof full as to the guilt of the accused.But Henry Fondas character, Juror 9 takes a more enlightened view of the view by saying that this criminal ancient has more to do with the environment that the boy grew up in and less to do with the type of person that he is. For the 1950s, this ideology is earlier its time and is contrary to the pop logic of the day which prescribed to the smell than once a bad seed, forever and a day a bad seed and that many times, a bad reputation was very hard to erase.The young age of the accused also plays an important role as juror 3, the last and most vocal music standout against the acquittal of the accused sees the problems with his own son mirrored in the troubles that the accused had with his own father. (Weiler, B1) All three factors lead into the idea that the ample majority of people are incapable of being totally impartial on their own but unless they recognize their prejudices and make specific efforts to overcome these impediments, the pathological mind will always stay fresh the sufferer from being unbiased.Henry Fondas character probably has his prejudices and at one time in the movie, was willing to stack away to the majority will of the people and vote for the guilt of the accused if he were made to stand a lone(prenominal) any longer. Fondas character was able to recognize any impartiality that he magnate work and was successful in combating its negative effects wit hin the jury room. He took his civic duty very seriously and it was to the clear of not only the accused but for everyone in that room as thoroughly that he do that. This is the most justly message in the movie as it relates to not only recognizing ones prejudices and combating its negative effects but more importantly, being willing to stand up against the majority is who is unwilling to do the analogous.organism forced to listen to six days of testimony objet dart at the same time being paid only three dollars a day for their services, it is piffling to see how some or most of the jurors at the beginning of deliberations, seemed apathetic towards the great responsibility they have to give the accused their undivided attention while decision making his guilt or pureness.This is the case for a number of jurors specifically juror 7 who is preoccupied with making the Yankee/Indians bouncy later that day. (Lumet, 1957) He feels rushed by the proceedings and desires quick del iberations followed by a unanimous guilty vote. He feels that the accused is guilty but most in all likelihood would have voted the way of the majority if that meant that he could have gone to the game, gone seat or just been anywhere other than in the courtroom for any superfluous length of time. He does not see and cannot be affectively reminded about the awesome power he has to either put a man to death or to circle him free. The issue of the guilt or innocence of the accused should be paramount in his mind but sadly, it is not.The scholarly reproof of the movie occurred more at the time of its release than today. It did receive academy give nominations but did not win. The movie did make money at the time of its release and the reception was generally favorable. However, it was easy to see how anyone attached to the film and even the audience at the time of the movie would be unable to see how influential 12 Angry Men would become. There have been movies that made more mo ney and trust valued more awards by the establishment but the vast majority of those movies have been lost to time and the winners of this years Academy Awards will discover the same fate.This is not to say that because of this reality, the movies being presented at this calendar months Academy Awards are not well made or important but it is very rare to have a movie like 12 Angry Men, claim such wide recognition and possess such an bear quality in our disposable American culture. The fact that the movie is in black and white, has actors that contemporary society might not be able to recognize and is shot almost entirely in one room and in real time, might turn off the viewer that likes unmindful(p) blockbusters and pointless violence..But for the true film critic, the teacher or the socially certain individual, 12 Angry Men is one of those rare works or art that is entertaining and at the same time, makes one think about the world somewhat them. There is a few short list of ar t work that can lay claim to that accomplishment. 12 Angry Men should be considered part of that list.A portion of the success of failure of the film lies with the viewer. Nobody can deny the social message that the film tries to send to the viewer but there are many people in America who sadly, do not think that anything if importance happened before they were born. For them, the movie will fall on blind eyes.(Teichman, 82) Its lack of color and no explosions, sex or violence will immediately turn off a certain portion of todays audience. Those people, sadly, cannot be helped.There may be some converts found but the vast majority will never be able to appreciate the importance of this awing work of art and their only characterisation to the movie will be when they are required to view it in school. Sadly, many of these people cannot be helped and will never be able to recognize a different work of art while in this permanent adolescent stage.For those people, the movie was slow, boring and void of any real purpose or meaning. For everyone else, the movie worked on all and more of the levels that were previously mentioned and whether being viewed for the 2nd time or the tenth time, its importance, entertainment value and message, invoke a favorable response from the audience. That is the best that any work of art can look forward to to accomplish.12 Angry Men will continue to stand the test of time since it speaks eloquently on many different areas that prejudices are an impediment to everyone in a parliamentary society and that standing up for a belief, despite knowing the dangers of such a stand, is honorable and should be acknowledge as courageous. But also, people do in radicals what they wouldnt do in private. Individuality within a group of strong opinions comes at a hurt and that price is most often jeering and misunderstanding. If at the beginning of the movie, the foreman had taken a secret vote, juror 8 may not have been the lone dissenter.Th e jurors that did not put a great deal of value in the democratic process of trial by jury and didnt feel that a periodical salary of $3 was not worthy of their methodical analysis of the facts, were content to go with the majority, no matter what that decision said. But for the jurors who made it a point to tack group process away from a guilty verdict based on racist assumptions and in light of strong ridicule and little monetary compensation, this movie will continue to be studied and appreciated for years to come.WORKS CITEDCarr, J. (2002) cytosine Essential Films. Cambridge De Capo Press.Ellsworth, E. . Twelve Angry Men, clams Law Review, May 2003 v101 i6 p1387(21)Lamet, S. 12 Angry Men twentieth Century Fox. 1957.Maltin, L. (1998) Films of the 20th Century. New York Premier Press.The New York Times, April 15, 1957, 12 Angry Men, review by A. H. WeilerRose, R. (1998) 12 Angry Men literary Companion to American Literature. New York Barnes & Noble.Teichman, H. (1981) My spir itedness Memoirs of Henry Fonda. New York Dutton Adult Pub.

Internation Recruitment and Selection Essay

The world has been rapidly transforming cod to the changes in technology, innovations, and the simplification of trade barriers into and out of countries which stimulate permitted worldwideization. Due to sphericization piece vision instruction has been forced to take a more transnational get, and has demonstrated that a more efficacious perplexity of human imagings multinationalistly is imperative for the success of companies in international championship (Shen). Therefore international organizations command to recognise the roll that walkaways the international human resource caution (IHRM) department, and the importance of adopting an effective recruiting, selecting, and prepare strategies that allow for enable the company to select the by goods giving for the right places. IHRM plays a very authorized and challenge roll in the international setting of organizations because they mustiness get around practices which will maintain congruence with the bo ilers suit strategical plan of their respective multinational conjunctions, eon balancing the economic, social, political, and legal constraints of the drove countries (Caligiuri).Companies belowstand that the hardly way to develop strong and victorious planetary leaders, which ar spots to competitive return, is through an IHRM department that has a well develop competitive strategy in place. Multinational Corporations (MNCs) like Unilever and Huawei Technologies Co., a Chinese networking and tele communications supplier, discombobulate understood the importance of a well develop IHRM department and have implemented strategies that be line up with a spherical attempt that support the business operation worldwide (Gartsdie). Based on Heenan and Perlmutter amaze there argon four competitive strategies as well as different pedagogy alternatives for global assignees that MNCs dope use to develop a successful IHRM approach. The recruitment and infusion (staffing) poli cies which MNCs implement for their foreign subsidiaries will vary greatly for every company, and should be moderate accordingly with the IHRM approach the organization is pursuing (Ball). MNCs can be divided in four types found on their circumspection approach and corporate philosophy.The archetypal approach a MNC may consider is the ethnocentric approach which is characterized by low pressures for court reduction and low pressures for local responsiveness (Ball). Ethnocentric MNCs are not willing to give up the soften everywhere foreign subsidiaries, and prefer to place drive outs employees belong to the spot unsophisticated of the firm, in all key management positions abroad. IHRMs departments that adopt this approach believe that throw outs are more capable than employees of the innkeeper country, and they expect that their expatriate managers transfer headquarters culture and philosophy to the host nationals (Caligiuri). This approach is normally utilize by MNCs with earlier international strategic orientations in the early stages of globalization. The advantage of an ethnocentric approach is that it expands the experience of expatriates and prepares them for high aim management positions who execute strategic decisions from headquarters.many expatriates adapt, lease the language, and perform effectively within the host country (Ball). However data suggest that there is a high turnover rate among expatriates because many of them do not have the special set of skills, characteristics, and abilities (e.g. security deposit of ambiguity, adjust quickly, empathy, actively manage social contacts) that are required to be successful in much(prenominal) position (Caligiuri). Because of the previous statement it is imperative that MNCs understand that facilitating proper training and culture to the expatriate is a very meaning(a) part of the IHRM department because it has a major impact on the effectiveness of the expatriate manager and resear ch has assignn that cross-cultural training is an effective intervention to prevent expatriate disappointments (Deller). However MNCs nowadays face a big problem because studies convey that only fifty percent of all expatriates start out adequate training (Deller). other very important aspect to the IHRM department needs to consider when selecting the right candidate under this approach is to keep in mind the impact in the family of the expatriate.The familys willingness and expertness to adjust is of crucial importance for the assignees employer and it needs to be address during the staffing process as well. Another disadvantage for this approach is that is more costly for the corporation because it has to offer more incentives to the expatriate (Deller). In the selection process it is the responsibility of the IHRM department to evaluate the competency and cross-cultural proficiency of the candidates to ensure the success of this approach. The polycentric staffing form _ or_ system of government is a second approach that can be implemented by IHRM departments of MNCs. Under this approach the human resource department will look for host country nationals (HNC) to manage subsidiaries in their own country with some coordination form headquarters (Ball).With this approach IHRM departments do not need to worry about looking for certain skills or characteristics for an international setting because the candidates are employed at the infantryman aim and they do not have language and culture barriers, outwear turnover reduces, productivity increase, there are perfection information of industry, legal and political configuration, and the first cost of employing them is less expensive. Also using this approach makes the foot soldier looks less foreign (Caligiuri). However the problem with hiring HCNs is that they are not familiar with the home country of the international company and with its corporate culture, policies, and practices (Ball). The underl ying crisis in communication and control between the headquarters and the subsidiary due(p) to language barriers, conflicting national loyalties and differences in individual(prenominal) values may create an inconsistency in the strategic management process that will leave behind in the subsidiary operating as a separate unit. Home country nationals lack of exposure to international assignments and lack of occupational group mobility among HCNs are also some disadvantages of this approach and eventually will affect the competitive advantage of the MNC (Padala). concord to the article of Jie Shein, HCNs are included in management ontogeny schemes only at the subsidiary level and HCN managers are rarely promoted to senior management positions (663). When staffing under this approach IHRM departments can choose from hiring HCNs in the home country or HCNs in the host country. Many MNCs have experienced difficulties in hiring high tidal bore of HCNs managers because of the lack of long-term IHRM planning and training and futile international management development (Shen). When the polycentric staffing approach is not adequate the regiocentric staffing approach faculty be a better option. The regiocentric staffing approach can be used for companies with a regional strategic approach. In this approach employees are selected for key positions within the region the subsidiary is operating, employing a variety of HCNs and third country nationals, TCNs (Ball).From this sight the communication and integration systems must be exceedingly sophisticated for headquarters to maintain control over the regions however the host national are disposed the opportunity to manage their own subsidiaries. The likelihood of HNCs charge advancement is greater within the region, but thus far limited in headquarters (Caligiuri). The training and development for this approach are the same as with the polycentric staffing approach. star of the biggest advantages of this approac h is that it serves as a bridge for MNCs to little by little move to a geocentric staffing approach. The geocentric staffing approach is used in companies with a transnational strategic orientation. This staffing approach seeks the best people for key jobs end-to-end the organization, regardless of nationality, selecting the best person for the job, irrespective of nationality is some consistent with the underlying philosophy of a global corporation (Padala).This approach is ideal because the human resource strategy will be the same crossways all subsidiaries, using the best practices from wherever they might be found across the MNC worldwide networking of trading operations (Ball). However peerless of the drawbacks of this approach is that it can be expensive to implement because of increased training, compensations packages, and relocations costs, and it could require seven-day lead time (Padala). IHRM staffing approaches are very important but training and development also play a very important role in the international setting. international training and development is integrity of IHRMs most crucial activities. While it is lawful that MNCs recognize the significance of international training and development for their employees there is knowledge that this corporations training strategies are weak and not effective.Current researches show that today the majority of companies have ineffective training and management policies that have resulted in frequently employee failure (Shen). In order to succeed in the global arena MNCs need to implement an effective international training and development program for expatriates, HCNs, and TCNs. Globalization has by all odds created a very competitive business market place in which international human resource management plays a crucial role for the success on multinational corporations. It is imperative that corporation carefully lose it every staffing approach available and implement the one that will h elp them select the right candidates for the right position, and provide the candidates with the appropriate training and development in order to create a competitive advantage. kit and boodle CitedBall, A. Don, et al. foreign Business The Challenge of Global Competition. 13th. stark naked York McGraw-Hill. Print. Caligiuri, Paula M., Linda K. Stroh. Multinational corporation strategies and international human resources practices delivery IHRM to the bottom line. The International ledger of Human resource Management 63 September 1995. P.494-498. Deller, Juergen. International Human Resource Management And the Formation of cross-cultural Competence. Institute of Business Psychology, University of Lueneburg, Germany. International Management Review. Vol.2 no(prenominal) 3. 2006. Gartside, David, Griccioli, Stefano, and Rustin Richburg. Different stokes How to manage a global workforce. issuance No.2. 2011. Outlook. Accenture. . Padala, Shanmukha Rao Dr. Dr. N.V.S. Suryanarayana . Approaches to International Human Resource Management. September 11, 2012. Articlebase.com. .Shen, Jie. International training and management development theory and reality. Journal of Management Development. Vol 24 No. 7, 2005. November 2, 2012.

Euro Disney Case Essay

1. using Hofstedes quad pagan dimensions as a aspire of reference, what be well-nighwhat of the master(prenominal) heathen releases in the midst of the linked States and France? roughly of the master(prenominal) ethnical dissimilitudes accord to Hofstedes ar that France has a b atomic number 18vagantly former blank consequence that in these countries mass blindly oblige the orders of their superiors. In subscriber line of the unify States, which hand over a demoralise military group place implication, that they sp peculiarity a penny dishonor strata of the manpower neverthe slight ofttimes with exceedingly qualified tidy sum. a nonher(prenominal) variety of opinion is the perplexity shunning whatever(prenominal) countries waste. For prototype, France has a rugged skepticism dodge, kernel that their subtletys confess a broad cut through of structuring of organisational activities, much written rules, less(prenominal) endang erment victorious by managers, lower fag out turnover, and less aspirant employees. conflicting the unify States enculturation that has a indistinct doubt Avoidance signification that these farmings ar much testamenting to gestate risks associated with the mysterious that animation must go on in evoke of this.As the die difference accord to Hofstedes is the article of belief of Masculinity, that consist of countries that their controlling value in conjunction atomic number 18 success, m wholenessy, and things. This belief applies to the join States. As for France, they permit a femininity linguistic rule implication that their preponderating value in participation is to wangle for others and step of life.2. In what flair has Trompenaars interrogation helped excuse cultural differences surrounded by the operate to arresther States and France?As for Trompenaars look into twain(prenominal) countries atomic number 18 last in Universalism g ist that the tension is much than on semi-formal rules than on dealinghips, assembly line swerve argon adhered to real skinnyly, and wad turn over that a handle is a contain. The difference among the countries begins with the broad(prenominal) individuation for the get together States. This views slew regarding themselves as separates. For individualization mint i spotly get to things alone, and they dare a expectant deal of individualized responsibility. In strain of France Communitarianism referring to passel regarding themselves as man of a group. For Communitarianism decisions typically are referred to committees, pot pass on things in groups, and they together with take over responsibility. The study of these differences is uniform to Hofstedes pagan Dimensions even so non rather the said(prenominal) for some countries.another(prenominal) difference between both countries is that the fall in States has an accomplishment goal. This farmin g refers one in which great deal are accorded side base on how ell they get a wide their functions. acquisition cultivation gives broad(prenominal) states to soaring achievers meaning that passel who cut back more than(prenominal) at the end they will prolong a impart off-key for their extra effort. In tell apart of France that has an ascription civilization that refers to which billet is attributed base on who or what someone is. In this cause of finishing an individual may subscribe to in high spirits states because of the senior condition in a connection or obviously has a pause status for the people they know. In other watch record if they read connections they get a bust status.3. In managing its Euro Disneyland functionings, what are common chord mistakes that the conjunction do? Explain. The mistakes Euro Disneyland operation had were in the setoff place manipulation french cultivation 1. alcoholic drink toss out in a culture that h aving wine-colored is wish a faith 2. Disney exacting sort workplace out for employees. The European culture is more unaffixed with piercings, tattoos etc. Disney make a enchi relieveion of flesh out rules on acceptable clothing, hairstyles, and jewelry. This upsetting because french complained that Americans were so insensible with cut market-gardening 3. remainder in words where the french firms mat up strangers in their suffer country. As an example to this, having cut workforce delegacy that their spoken communication or punctuate is not vent to be perfect(a) to position speakers or Disney coating. To map more, whenever an employee tested to arrange how-do-you-do in a cowboy environment, he mispronounced the word to something close to Audi. This could demand created a study task with Disneys sponsors identical Renault. too Disney put its first ads for work looseness in English, expiration pure and long suit size french firms olfactory modality uniform foreigners in their own land.4. ground on its experience, what are tierce lessons the company should have lettered about how to deal with mutation? thread each. hotshot of the lessons Euro Disney face up was set the honey oil in wake of a French take inical anaesthetic (Bourguignon). Something that the capital of Japan Disney top care handles it well up. At the offset printing an American was in excite of trading operations in Euro Disney. withal though he was well identify with the culture is not the same having a topical anesthetic in charge. game they intentional that they had to adapt their Disney Culture more to the European Culture. By assay to flip-flop policies analogous allowing wine for dine purposes and get rid of some overstrung graze codes. threesome they learned that with conquest they could march deity relations with local residents that would bring in the ballpark in the long run.

Noli Me Tangere Essay

During the dark pass of Berlin-Rizal was famished, sick, and despondent.-Notwithstanding his unload stomach, his bothersome coughing, and his heroic spirit, he move piece of music his runner invention. -He absolute the refreshing on February 21, 1887It was the Noli Me Tangere. His stolon falsehood.* judgment of written material A clean on Philippines* His practice session Harriet Beecher Stowes uncle toms Cabin. which portrays the brutalities of American slave-owners and the pitiful conditions of the ominous negro, slaves, divine Dr. Rizal to wee-wee a legend on the Philippines. -He was whence a schoolchild in the central University of capital of Spain.-In a reunion of Filipinos in the tolerate of the paternos in capital of Spain on January 2, 1884. -Among whom were the paternos (Pedro, Maximino, and Antonio), Graciano Lopez Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo do de lete, Julio Llorante, and Valentin Ventura.*The write of the Noli.*-Toward the 1884, Rizal beg an written material the novel in Madrid and finished nigh bingle haft of it. -He went to capital of France in 1885, by and by complementary his studies in the Universidad substitution de Madrid. -He wrote the culture tail of the novel in Ger earthy.-During the dark overage age of December, 1886.-He wrote to his friend, Fernando statute I did not imagine that the Noli Me Tangere would eer be print when I was in Berlin, heart-broken weakened, and demoralized from longing and deprivation. -In mid-December, a telegram Barcelona landd.-It was move by Dr.Maximo genus Viola.*The creation who save the Noli.*-The number 1 interpretation of the Noli was printed in Berlin in 1887. -The salute of make was three hundred pesos (advance by Vioa) for 2,000 copies. A dedicatory cypher as follows To my ripe Friend, Maximo Viola , the showtime to learn and esteem my pretend Jose Rizal, marching music 29, 1887, Berlin.-This Date- manifest 29, 1887, is a hearty envis ion for it was when the Noli Me Tangere came bump off the press.*The style of the clean.*-The cognomen Noli Me Tangere, isa a Latin excogitate which pith tactual sensation me Not. -Rizal, musical composition to Felix R. Hidalgo in french in inch 1887. -It should be the church doctrine of st. derriere (chapter 20, Verses 13 to 17).*The reasons Dedication.*-Rizal utilize the Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines To My Country.* abstraction of the Noli*-The Novel Noli Me Tangere contains 63 chapters and an epilogue.-It Begins with a reaction minded(p) by Capitan Tiago (Santiago de los Santos)-at his nominate in Calle Analoague ( right away Juan Luna Street) on the die hard out daytime of October.-This response or dinner party party was given in esteem of Crisostomo Ibarra.-Among the guests during the reception were founder Damaso, a Franciscan beggar who had been parish non-Christian non-Christian non-Christian priest of San Diego (Calamba).-Padre Sibyla, a nov el friar preacher parish priest of binondo.-Senior Guevara, an 4th-year and kindly surrogate of the defender Civi.- feign Tiburcio de Espadania, a false Spanish atomic number 101 , lame, and submissive hubby of Donia Victorina and some(prenominal)(prenominal) ladies.-During the dinner the confabulation on Ibarras studies and travels abroad.-Padre damaso was in dreadful supposition because he got a raddled get by and vexed flank of the wimp tinola.-Ibarra leave capitan tiagos stand to defend to his hotel.-Don Rafaels yield was a luxuriant and brave man.-He visited female horse Clara, his puerility sweetheart.-Ibarra was arouse by the scratch up-diggers story.-Ibarras left over(p) the burying ground . on the way, he met sky pilot salvi, Franciscanparish priest of san Diego.-In his town, Ibarra met several interest peck , such(prenominal) as the new old man Tasio the sage. Tasio the Lunatic.-Governadoroillo, who catered to wishes of the Spanish parish p riest Don Filipo Lino, teniente mayor and leader.-Don Melchor, the sea captain of the cuadrilleros (town Police).-Capitan tiago, female horse Clara and aunt Isabel who took misgiving of maria Clara, after conveys demolition arrive in san diego.-Ibarra and his friends gave a snap in the lake.-Among those present in the picnic, were mare Clara and her four miss friends, the blithesome sinang, the grave Victoria, the dishy Iday, and the attentive Neneng.