International businesses look to locate foreign operations in Essay

Universal organizations hope to find outside activities in nations which are steady. Framework and fundamentally talk about the models by which they judge whether a nation is steady - Essay Example All things considered, universal development is a convoluted issue and organizations aiming to enter another nation should mull over a great deal factors. They incorporate the financial and world of politics, the individual qualities and shortcomings of the organization, the chances and dangers seen there, business and showcasing techniques, and even the social factors that is unconventional to a specific locale. This paper takes a gander at these components and will give a point by point survey respect to its significance and importance in universal extension techniques. It will build up a framework by which organizations can evaluate whether a market is appealing and stable. The emphasis will be on two nations to be specific China and Dubai, to give explicit uses of hypothesis and writing on this territory. Explicit components impacting worldwide objective markets: The expansion in globalization and facilitated commerce has now brought about an ever increasing number of organizations hoping to extend to abroad markets. Household rivalry is another factor the drives these organizations to search for new markets. There are numerous elements (as referenced over) that impact dynamic by organizations regarding which showcase they ought to enter. â€Å"While just a couple of decades prior these outer angles were viewed as centring on the nation of origin of the business, the natural skyline of business has enlarged to take in a large group of global powers, which associate with national and neighborhood factors† (Morrison 2002, p 2). Morrison has given a wide outline of the variables that impact global business as follows. The association is imagined at the center of the outline which shows the different powers that follow up on it in a local and universal condition. The extra powers that follow up on it in a global setting are the country state, district, and world ones. It very well may be seen that financial, socio/social, lawful, specialized and political powers are basic to both household and worldwide

Influence of Ethics on Decision Making & Impact of Technology on Essay

Impact of Ethics on Decision Making and Impact of Technology on Work-Related Stress - Essay Example Innovation is another factor that influences the work environment and powers directors to settle on choice with respect to the joining of new mechanical business arrangement. This paper dissects the impacts of morals in dynamic and the effect of innovation on business related pressure. The activities and choices that organizations make can have an enduring effect in the notoriety of an endeavor. The increasing expense of working together spot chiefs in circumstances in which they need to settle on extreme choices about various business activities. Ecological guideline is one of these territories in which organizations now and again attempt to swindle the framework. The ecological guidelines supervises are a lot of lower than in the United States. Organizations realize that specific modern procedures hurt nature, however in the event that the nation permits them a firm might be convinced to bring down their standard to diminish cost in spite of realizing this is ethically off-base Twenty four years a prior there a deplorable instance of a shameless choice concerning security conventions in Bhopal India that lead to a gas spill blast. The mishap at the Union Carbide pesticide plant caused the demise of more than 8,000 individuals and harmed more than 50,000 because o f corporate carelessness and unquestionable improper conduct (Primeseeeds, 1999). The utilitarian perspective on morals believes moral conduct to be what conveys the best great to the best number of individuals (Shermerhorn, et al.). Let’s consider the instance of foreigner works in the farming field. At present the United States laws preclude the work of unlawful outsider specialists. There is a lack of flexibly of work to work in the farming field and a requirement for the food creation for the network. The illicit coming into America have the need to acquire they are happy to buckle down for low wages. Based the realities many cultivating organizations are willing recruit illicit outsiders regardless of the danger of confronting huge fines if the administration discovers. To the

The Importance of Visiting High School Friends

The Importance of Visiting High School Friends This past weekend, I was able to take a quick 45-minute drive up to Bloomington-Normal, where my best friend goes to school. Danica and I have been best friends since preschool, and we promised that college wouldnt change that. And guess what? It didnt! Not only was I able to spend time with my BFF, but I also got to spend time with her new friends, many of who I now consider my friends, too! Photo by Rachel Hernandez Today, I encourage all of you, high school seniors and college students alike, to travel to various universities and visit your childhood friends. Whether it is a road trip or a plane ride away, exploring other universities is not only a fun adventure for you and your bestie, but it gives you the chance to travel for cheap. After all, True friendship is when two friends can walk in opposite directions, yet remain side by side. Anonymous. Photo by Rachel Hernandez Maintaining your high school bonds is incredibly important for so many reasons. Your high school friends have watched you grow into the young adult you are today, and they will stay by your side through thick and thin. They may even know you better than you know yourself. Their friendship is indispensable. All in all, it is important to make new friends wherever you may go. Opening up to new people (who may even be your bridesmaids or groomsmen someday) is wonderful, especially when you need the support as a college freshman. But remember that your true friends are the ones who have been with you all along. Photo by Rachel Hernandez Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

Classical School Of Thought And The Great Depression

Classical school of thought dates back to the Enlightenment movement and the Industrial Revolution during the eighteenth century, where secularization started to happen resulting in changes on the way of thinking and analyzing daily life. Adam Smith, also known as the father of economics, wrote An Enquiry into the causes of the Wealth of the Nations in 1776, where he discusses how the wealth of a nation is measured (by GDP), division of labor and lastly, introduces the invisible hand that controls the market. Amongst other economists of the classical school of thought are David Ricardo and Thomas Malthus between others. Two centuries later, the Great Depression occurred in the 1930’s. The U.S.A. was going through great times of prosperity in the 1920’s, whereas the U.K. was suffering from a recession since the First World War had ended (Davidson, 2009). It was not until 1929 when New York suffered a stock market crash, after that, everything started to get worse, unempl oyment rose from â€Å"3.2% in 1939 to 24.9 in 1933† (Davidson, 2009, p. 20). As Hollander (1992) stated, a theory becomes irrelevant when it cannot explain current issues within the economy; therefore the classical school of thought was not valid anymore in Keynes view. John Maynard Keynes is the author of The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Furthermore, The General Theory is the result of the Great Depression, where the unemployment rate was high and businesses were not prosperous (Krugman,Show MoreRelatedThe Classical School And The Neoclassic1702 Words   |  7 PagesToday s Economy as it relates to Classical and Neoclassical Thought Economic thoughts and theories are constantly evolving. One reason being is the growth and evolution of humans and systems. This constant change often brings about greater economics challenges. Thus, we can strongly contend to the fact that the state of today’s economic isn’t as found in the 18th or 19th and so on. Moreover, economic theorists presented with these robust economic challenges often time build up on each other. ThatRead MoreClassical Vs Keynesian Economics1235 Words   |  5 PagesClassical and Keynesian economics are both accepted schools of thought in economics, but each had a different approach to defining economics. The Classical economic theory was developed by Adam Smith while Keynesian theory was developed by John Maynard Keynes. Similarities: One of the most surprising similarities between the two theories is that John Keynes developed his theory based on the Adam Smith’s theory. Keynes did not entirely disagree with Adam Smith but rather, expanded the theory basedRead MoreEssay on John Maynard Keynes Versus Friederich A. Hayek603 Words   |  3 Pagesgained a reputation during the Great Depression in the 1930s, focused mainly on an economys bust. It is where the economy declines and finally bottoms-out, that Keynesian economics believes the answers lie for its eventual recovery. On the other hand, Hayek believed that in studying the boom answers would be provided to lead the economy out of the bust that was sure to follow. Hayek backed the Austrian school of economics. John Maynard Keynes fostered a school of thought that came to be known afterRead MoreA Career Essay : The Career Of My Dream1111 Words   |  5 Pageshigh school, I did not have a single idea. I knew that I wanted to do something with music, but the question was: what kind of musician do I want to be? Because there truly is not a path relating to music that is better than another. When you think about it, the are all dead-ends. Classical musicians, jazz musicians†¦ there aren’t any benefits to either, but they both have their fair share of problems. Show me a musician whose success outweighed their stress and struggles. When I thought aboutRead MoreThe Economic Schools Of Thought1445 Words   |  6 PagesFreshwater Economics Macroeconomic schools of thought would be prudent to accept certain aspects of the views of other schools of thought to better understand the scope of economic efficiency through the use of various models aimed at understanding the implications that all actions affect outcome. Like other economic schools of thought, Freshwater developed from previous schools of thought as new macroeconomic ideas were discussed and disputed. Neoclassical synthesis was a postwar movementRead MoreThe Impact Of Classical Economics On The United States1052 Words   |  5 Pagestheorists who believe they can solve the great divide. No one ever plans for a recession to last more than a few months, let alone watch the economy crumble into a deep depression. How can this happen, when the economy is supposed to be able to self-correct itself as one theory suggests? Moreover, when self-correction does not triumph, does a new theory take effect to explain this conundrum? This week’s readings have introduced the concept of how classical economics have been taught since 1817,Read MoreJohn Maynard Keynes Transformed Economics In The 20Th Century1507 Words   |  7 Pageslaissez faire attitude of the classical thinkers, and argued for greater government intervention due to his belief that the focus should be on demand side macroeconomics rather than supply side. This belief transpired because of the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the subsequent depression that highlighted the shortcomings of the traditional theories, especially in regards to employment that remained excessively high for a prolonged period. The Keynesian school of thought became the mainstream economicRead MoreKayne vs Hayek1370 Words   |  6 Pagesof economics are Classical Economics and Keynesian Economics. Classical economists believe that markets function very well, will quickly react to any changes in equilibrium and that a â€Å"laissez faire† government policy works best. Keynesian economists believe that markets react very slowly to changes in equilibrium (especial to changes in prices) and that active government intervention is sometimes the best method to get the economy back into equilibrium. It may sound like classical economy speaks forRead MoreThe Theory Of The Classical School1694 Words   |  7 Pages The classical school is one of the economic thoughts; the key assumption of this school is that the market system is the most efficient system in the sense that the unencumbered market mechanism ensures the optimal allocation and utilisation of scarce resources. They also believed that â€Å"Supply creates its own demand.† (The early debate on policy atavism) In other words, in the process of producing output, businesses would also create enough income to ensure that all of the output will be sold.Read MoreClassical Economics And Keynesian Economics1124 Words   |  5 PagesMy research of Classical Economics and Keynesian Economics has given me the opportunity to form an opinion on this greatly debated topic in economics. After researching this topic in great lengths, I have determined the Keynesian Economics far exceeds greatness for America compared to that of Classical Economics. I will begin my paper by first addressing my understanding of both economic theories, I will t hen compare and contrast both theories, and end my paper with my opinions on why I believe Keynesian

Fed Gears Up For Stimulus - Federal Reserve of United States Assignment

Essays on Fed Gears Up For Stimulus - Federal Reserve of United States Assignment ï » ¿Fed Gears Up For Stimulus - Federal Reserve of United States Table of Contents Agreement with the Article 2 Reference 4 Bibliography 4 Summary The selected article is ‘Fed Gears Up For Stimulus’ published in The Wall Street Journal on October 26, 2010. The article is about Federal Reserve of United States and its policy regarding the weak economy and inflation. The Federal Reserve is framing the new policy with regards to the current economic situation by implementing different strategy to control the economic conditions. The Central Bank is going to reveal a program in US for the treasury bonds which were obtained during the financial crisis (Hilsenrath Cheng, â€Å"Fed Gears Up for Stimulus†). For pushing down the long term interest rate, Fed is aiming to drive up prices of long term bonds. But officials are trying to avoid this scenario as this approach allows them to adjust their policy. Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke is tying to implement the bond buying program as a monetary stimulus program. But the president of Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City believes that this would turn out to be an expensive monetary policy. From the view point of the investors, the expectation is high after the announcement of the program. But there is a debate among the investors and analysts regarding the policy. Due to such announcement there have been a lot of movements in the financial market. Certain Fed officials argue that the economy is in a long term transformation phase and the central bank should not make any decisions so early regarding the bond policies which might in future give rise to inflation or hit hard on the assets. Investors are still in doubt regarding how the policy of Mr. Bernanke will work but its effect is observed in the Dow Jones Industrial Average which was raised to 12% after the announcement of the bond policy. Along with this other commodities prices have increased and the US Dollar has gone down almost 10% against Euro. The chief objective of the program is to force long-term interest rates downward through pushing up the prices of the treasury bonds. Treasury policy has stumbled to about 2.6% in part as investors anticipate the Fed to be in the capital market for buying bonds. The policy is of acquiring 2-10 years maturity bonds but many of the Fed officials argue that it will be a long term loss which will not reap benefit at all. Agreement with the Article The article has focused upon the vital issue of the bond market in the present economic situation. It provides the view about the policy of long term bond program and the effect that has already taken place in Dow Jones. The expectation of investors and the concerns toward Fed has been depicted. In contrast to the issue, views of the other Fed officials are provided and an option for better argument regarding the issue is also shown. The involvements of the investors and the Central Bank in the article have provided a complete picture of the bond market issue. The article has accounted for both the view, i.e. in explaining Mr. Bernanke’s policy approach and that of other Fed officials with the Central Bank’s views. The article has been able to summarize the overall views about different opinions that make the article being agreed upon. There is a graphical representation provided in the article that makes it easy for understanding of this burning issue. Reference Hilsenrath, Jon Cheng, Jonathan. â€Å"Fed Gears Up for Stimulus†. October 27, 2010. The Wall Street Journal US, 2010. Bibliography Kendall, Brent. â€Å"Fed Won't Join Banks in Discount-Window Appeal†. October 27, 2010. The Wall Street Journal US, 2010.

Can a Non Muslim Be a Syariah Lawyer Free Essays

Topic: A Non-Muslim Shariah Lawyer Thesis Statement : ————————————————- A Non Muslim cannot be a Syariah lawyer First of all, a non-muslim cannot be a syariah lawyer simply because a syariah lawyer must be a muslim. Rule 10 of the PeguamSyarie Rules 1993 (Federal Territories), section (a) clearly provides that a person may be admitted to be a syariah lawyer only if he or she (i) is a Muslim and has passed the final examination which leads to the certificate of bachelor’s degree in Syariah from any university or any Islamic educational institution recognized by the government of Malaysia or(ii) is a Muslim member of the judicial and legal service of the Federation or (iii) is a Muslim advocate and solicitor enrolled under the Legal Profession Act 1967. PeguamSyarie Rules 1993) ; (Legal Profession Act 1967). We will write a custom essay sample on Can a Non Muslim Be a Syariah Lawyer or any similar topic only for you Order Now To sum up the act above with simpler words, one must be a muslim in order to practice as a syariah lawyer in Malaysia besides the other contributing factors such as he or she must be a graduate from any university or Islamic institution, or an advocate or solicitor under the Legal Profession Act 1967. According to Dr. Wan Azhar bin Wan Ahmad in his article Non-MuslimsSyarie Lawyers, he has stated that , the answer to the question of â€Å"Can a non-muslim apply to be a syariah lawyer? â€Å" is being categorized as a â€Å"No†. If a non muslim applies to be a syariah lawyer, he or she can be considered as violating the law and shall be penalized for it. The legal rules set up clearly shows that in this rule 10 section (a) clause (i) ,(ii) and (iii) requires a muslim to be attached to all of these clauses in order to become a syariah lawyer. This was proven when aNational Fatwa Council of Malaysia has decided that a non-muslim cannot become a syariah lawyer in order to protect the purity of Islam during the review of Victoria Jayaseele Martin’s application in challenging the court to accept a non-muslim to be a syariah lawyer. Martin’s application was struck off by the court. The second point to back up the reason why a syariah lawyer must be a muslim is because he has to deal with the Islamic matters. As for example, he has to strictly deal with the Islamic teachings, principles and practices of the tenets of Islam such as the reciting of the syahada, daily prayers, fasting during the month of Ramadhan ,almsgiving and the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime. If a non-muslim that do not practice all the tenets of Islam mentioned above, the people that are hiring him for their cases, may raise doubt on his credibility. (http://executableoutlines. com/islam/islam_03. htm) Another reason why a non-muslim cannot be syariah lawyer is because Syariah lawyer must be an expert in the understandings of Al-Quran and Hadith How to cite Can a Non Muslim Be a Syariah Lawyer, Essay examples

Vidding Who Does It Cost free essay sample

A person using justice reasoning considers who pays the cost and who gets the benefits; if the shares seem fair then the action is probably just (Lawrence amp; Weber, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Vidding Who Does It Cost? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People spend hours and hours creating music. It comes from deep down in their souls, something they have felt. Using music that someone else has created to create something of your own is not holding the whole party to a fair standard. The original creator is not getting recognized for his or her work. Therefore it is not just. Is the creating and uploading of vids to the Internet simply an ethical expression of one’s free speech? Vidding is the practice of creating new videos, sometimes called songvids or fanvids, which takes existing clips, usually from popular television shows, anime series, or music videos, and blends them with a song. It is a mix of narrative storytelling and visual poetry (Lawrence amp; Weber, 2012). Because viding is using other forms of art that someone else has already created would mean no its not ok to upload vid videos. However being able to have free speech on the Internet is huge. We the people do have the right to speak freely in any way we want to. Yet we have to make sure that the way we speak out is done in a way that is original. So where do you draw the line when using material found on the Internet, while trying to respect the artists’ intellectual property and rights to royalties from their creations? When one person uses the music and sites the artist. Intellectual Property or IP is a broad term that is used to describe the results of creative and innovative endeavors. It is described as  intellectual because it is the result of the application of the mind. It is described as property because, just like other property, it can be owned, sold and transferred, leased or given away (Intellectual Property, 2013). Using other people’s art, music, and words are fine as long as you paid and the author is sited. When you buy something its yours, you can do with it what you want. For an example, you can buy a pair of name brand jeans from a store, take them home and make them into shorts. The brand is still on the jeans however they look different then when the creator, created them. This is the same with music. Once you have paid for the song its yours. When using the song to create a vid the artist must site the original songwriter. How different should a vid be from the original source to justify that it is no longer the same material as the original artist created and thus not covered under the copyright laws? If it was created by someone else then it falls under the copyright laws. Just because you change the color, shape, or sound does not mean it was created by you. Taking something that is someone else’s work and saying it’s yours is stealing. So making a movie with other people’s music and photos without sighting is stealing. If people want to be creative and make vid then they just need to go the right rout and ask the person who has the copy right to give them permission. Reference Lawrence, A. T. amp; Weber, J. (2011). Business and Society: Stakeholders, Ethics, Public Policy (13th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin What is Intellectual Property: A Beginners Primer Intellectual Property. (2013). Retrieved from http://intellectualpropertyexplorer. com/what-is-intellectual-property/

The Definition of Atomic Mass or Weight in Chemistry

The Definition of Atomic Mass or Weight in Chemistry Atomic Mass or Weight Definition Atomic mass, which is also known as atomic weight, is the average mass of atoms of an element, calculated using the relative abundance of isotopes in a naturally-occurring element. Atomic mass indicates the size of an atom. Although technically the mass is the sum of the mass of all the protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom, the mass of an electron is so much less than that of the other particles, that mass is simply that of the nucleus (protons and neutrons). Examples of Atomic Mass The atomic mass of carbon is 12.011. Most carbon atoms consist of six protons and six neutrons.The atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.0079. Hydrogen (atomic number 1) is the element that has the lowest atomic mass. The most common isotope of hydrogen is protium, an atom that consists of a proton or a proton and an electron. Because of a small amount of deuterium (one proton and one neutron) and tritium (one proton and two neutrons), the atomic mass of hydrogen is slightly higher than 1. How To Calculate Atomic Mass

Synonyms for Trés

Synonyms for Trà ©s If you want to make your French sound more authentic, one place to start is with your vocabulary. In French classes, you tend to learn the most common, basic terms. The adverb trà ¨s is one example of a very common word that can be replaced by any of a number of synonyms, in both normal and informal registers. Take a look at this lesson to learn some different ways to say very, and be sure to note the differences in intensity. Each section includes the synonyms used in a sentence in French followed by the English translation of the sentence. Tres, Assez, and Bien Use trà ¨s  when you want to emphasize something. You can use trà ¨s  in front of adjectives, adverbs, and even certain nouns, such as those that refer to feelings but use  avoir- to be. Il est trà ¨s intelligent.   He is very smart.Jai trà ¨s faim.  Ã‚  I am very hungry. Use  assez, which translates as quite or rather, when your meaning is more nuanced.   Je suis assez fatiguà ©.   Im rather tired.La situation est assez inquià ©tante.   The situation is quite worrisome. Bien, which translates as very or quite, also provides a more nuanced meaning, as these examples show: Cest bien simple.   Its quite simple.Nous sommes bien contents.   Were very happy.Tenez-vous bien droit.   Stand up very straight. Going Beyond Very French has several synonyms for  trà ¨s  that create a greater emphasis than simply saying very, including the French adverbs for exceptionally, extraordinarily, extremely, and others as these examples show: Exceptionnellement   exceptionally Cà ©tait exceptionnellement difficile.   It was exceptionally difficult.La situation est exceptionnellement complexe.   The situation is exceptionally complicated. Note that exceptionnellement is a semi-false cognate, as it can also describe something as an exception to the norm, as in: Exceptionnellement, je vous en parlerai Just this once I will talk to you about it. Extraordinairement extraordinarily Elle est extraordinairement anxieuse.   She is extraordinarily anxious.Il a des cheveux extraordinairement frisà ©s.   He has extraordinarily curly hair. Extraordinairement can also mean in a bizarre way, as in:   Elle est và ªtue extraordinairement. She is dressed very strangely. Extrà ªmement extremely Il est extrà ªmement beau.   He is extremely handsome.Elle est extrà ªmement intelligente.   She is extremely intelligent. Fort most, veryThis use is formal and somewhat old-fashioned. Jen serais fort content   I would be most pleased about that.Cest une histoire fort triste.   Its a very sad story. Hautement highly, very Il est hautement qualifià ©.   He is highly qualified.Ce livre est hautement recommandà ©.   This book is highly recommended. Infiniment infinitely, immensely Je vous suis infiniment reconnaissant.   I am infinitely grateful (to you).Cette pià ¨ce est infiniment longue.   This play is immensely long. Tout   quite, very Je suis tout à ©tonnà ©.   Im quite surprised.Il est tout rouge.   Hes all/very red. Tout fait - completely, totally Cest tout fait normal.   Its totally normal.Je suis tout fait daccord.   I agree completely. Trop too, very Vous à ªtes trop aimable.   You are too kind.Elle est trop mignonne.   She is too cute. Note that trop technically means too rather than very, but it can be used like too in English when it means so very rather than excessively. Other Synonyms French offers a surprising variety of synonyms for  trà ¨s.  If you want to spice up your French a bit, check out the following ways to say very in this Romance language. Vraiment really, very Je suis vraiment fatiguà ©.   Im really tired.Elle est vraiment belle.   She is really beautiful. Bougrement  -  terribly,  really Tu vas bougrement vite.   Youre going terribly fast.Cette classe est bougrement difficile.   This class is really/bloody difficult Drà ´lement  Ã‚  awfully,  terribly,  really Ton film est drà ´lement bon.   Your movie is awfully good.Cest drà ´lement difficile.   Its really difficult. (UK) It isnt half difficult. Follement   incredibly Cà ©tait follement intà ©ressant.   It was incredibly interesting.Il est follement amusant.   He is really very funny. Hyper  Ã‚  really,  mega Elle est hyper sympa, cette nana.   That girl is really nice.Cest hyper important.   Its mega important. Joliment  Ã‚  really On est joliment bien ici. Were doing really well here; This is a really good place/situation for us.Il à ©tait joliment en retard.   He was really late. Rudement  Ã‚  really,  terribly Ton chapeau est rudement moche.   Your hat is really ugly.Cest rudement bon que...   Its really good that... Vachement  Ã‚  really, (UK)  bloody Cest  vachement  difficile!   Its really/bloody difficult!Cest vachement important pour moi.   Its really important to me.

Critique Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critique Paper - Essay Example The problem here is that this erosion of faith, according to the article, implies a general erosion in the notion of faith as something that binds people together with the rest of society. Implicitly the article says that without a basic faith in humanity what will happen to society? This is an insider’s look at what the writer sees as a disaster in the making. By insider is meant someone who is looking at life from the point of view of someone who has faith and who knows it to be fundamentally good thing, something very important that young people are missing out on, and consequently can lead society towards dark and sad paths: e.g. religious intolerance, hatred and distrust of others, the breakdown of social structures that all depend on people having faith in the basic goodness of social institutions and of others. The problem is that young people who do not have this insider’s view of the goodness of faith naturally will not trust one who is, because as the article notes, young people distrust religious organizations, and maybe even all kinds of religious talk too. There is thus something that operates like a deep chasm between the insider who sees faith as a good thing and a random young person who sees faith, organized religion, talk of god, and any language that hints at religion and spirituality as things to be discarded and thrown out (Sonenshine). On the other hand, the picture is not all completely bleak and hopeless. Looking at the stats for instance, while a large portion of young people distrust religion, a greater majority are still within the bounds of religion, and are insiders who have that basic trust in the religions they are in. About 70 percent are affiliated. Focusing on the bright side, moreover, there are many stories that highlight an advance in the consciousness of young people, towards inclusion and towards a greater faith not just in their own religion but in the religion

Auxiliary Aircraft Systems Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Auxiliary Aircraft Systems - Article Example Every fuel tank has to withstand vibrations, fluid, structural, and, inertia loads without failure. In addition, fuel systems have to be free from vapor lock that occurs when fuel is used at its critical temperature. The danger of fuel starvation, fire, or explosion in flight makes it compulsory for fuel system irregularities check top priority. An aircraft fuel system has to deliver and store clean fuel at flow rate and pressure that sustains operations. Therefore, any evidence of leak or malfunction has to be rectified before departure. Personnel maintaining fuel or handling fuel systems should be trained on best practices that reduce incidents or accidents. Conditions of fuel trucks and storage tanks should be monitored to avoid contamination. Filter treatments and changes are to be carried regularly. Samples from all drains must be inspected regularly. Fueling and defueling of an aircraft should be done outside to avoid fuel vapors that might accumulate in hangar and cause an accident; these processes require fire extinguishers. Personnel should wear clothing that does not promote static electricity buildup. Correct fuel should be put in the aircraft by the placing placards at the filling port or at the fueling station. Nozzles are required to be clean every time to avoid contamination of the fuel. When defueling, if a tank is drained due to fuel contamination or suspected contamination, then it should not be mixed with other

Behaviour Management Techniques in Pediatric Dentistry

Behaviour Management Techniques in Pediatric Dentistry Title of the article: Model of parental acceptance of various behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry Abstract: Purpose: to evaluate the parental acceptance of different behavior management techniques routinely used in pediatric dentistry. Methods: Forty parents were shown a video tape of different nine behavior management techniques. (1.) Tell Show Do, (2.) Modeling, (3.) Positive reinforcement, (4.) Distraction, (5.) Voice control, (6.) Hand over mouth exercise, (7.) physical restrain, (8.) conscious sedation and (9.) General Anesthesia. Parents were explained and asked to rate their acceptance on visual analogue scale provided in form Results: All the parents in the sample group completed the survey form and among them 37 parents accepted the positive reinforcement technique as the most acceptable. The least acceptable techniques were Hand over mouth exercise and physical restrain. The acceptance rate was in following order: Positive Reinforcement, Tell Show Do, Distraction, Modeling, Conscious Sedation, General Anesthesia, Voice Control, Hand over Mouth Exercise, Physical Restrain. Conclusion: Parents favor more affirmative approaches and management techniques that engross demonstrations geared for the child’s level of accepting. Aversive conditioning like Physical Restraint, Hand over mouth exercise and voice control is more strongly rejected than sedation and general anesthesia. Introduction: The most imperative facet in pediatric dental practice is behavior management of the child. It saves the time of not only dentists but also parents and child. The successful results can be obtained by the less anxious and well managed child. (Wright G Z. Behavior Management in Dentistry for Children. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1975) And for managing such child, the number of behavior management techniques has been explained in the literature. The intimate relationship among child, parent, dentist and society has been well explained by pedodontic triangle which provides proper child dental care. Not only this, but also it provides the information regarding the behavior management techniques to be used against the child. (Wright G Z. Behavior Management in Dentistry for Children. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1975. )(American academy of pediatric dentistry: Guideline on behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient. Pediatr Dent 2007;29:115à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ24.) According to Kupietzky, for better understanding for their children`s treatment, parents can also participate actively in treatment decisions, and various behavior management techniques to modify their children`s behavior. This will ultimately diminish the parental anxiety. (Kupietzky A. Effects of video information on parental preoperative anxiety level and their perception of conscious sedation vs. general anesthesia for the dental treatment of their young ch ild. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2006;31:90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ2) with growing concern about children`s rights and considering ethical aspects, pedodontists can no longer take for granted that parents will endorse any form of behaviour management technique without issue. (Klein A. Physical restraint, informed consent and the child patient. J Dent Child; 55: 121-122. 1987, Lawrence S M, McTigue D J, Wilson S, Odom J G, Waggoner W F, Fields H W Jr. Parental attitudes toward behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. Pediatr Dent; 13: 151-155. 1991.) Informed consent is having a growing blow on behavior management of children. The courts uphold that treatment by health care professionals without prior consent is array and the dentist who treats a patient devoid of consent may be liable (Brown 1976). It was stated in the conference sponsored by American academy of pediatric dentistry in 1988 that informed consent must be obtained prior to employ any behavior management technique in children. (American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry: Behavior Management for the Pediatric Dental Patient Final Proceedings of a Workshop,September 30 October 2, 1988, Iowa City, IA.) There are few studies which demonstrate that behavior management techniques are not evenly acknowledged by parents or guardians and many techniques are found to be objectionable. (Murphy M G, Fields H W Jr, Machen J B. Parental acceptance of pediatric dentistry behavior management technique. Pediatr Dent; 6: 193-198. 1984. , Peretz B, Zadik D. Attitudes of parents toward their presence in the treat ­ment room during dental treatment to their children. J Clin Pediatr Dent; 23: 27-30. 1998.) Various studies have been done regarding acceptance of various behavior management techniques in children. It begins with the study done by Murphy et at who first encountered in differences in parental acceptance of behaviour-management techniques. In their study, they fulfilled that tell-show-do technique was customary by most parents and general anesthesia and aversive conditioning techniques like physical restrain were least accepted. (Murphy MG, Fields HW, Machen JB. Parental acceptance of paediatric dentistry behavior management techniques. Pediatr Dent 1984; 6: 193-8.) Seven years after this study another study done by the Laurence et al stated that the enough explanation is necessary for better understanding and acceptance each techniques by parents. (Lawrence SM, McTigue DJ, Wilson S, et al. Parental attitudes toward behavior management techniques used in paediatric dentistry. Pediatr Dent 1991; 13: 151-5.) Havelka in 1992 quoted in his study that the socioeconomic status als o influence the acceptance of certain behavioral modification technique by parents. (Havelka C, McTigue D, Wilson S, Odom J. The influence of social status and prior explanation on parental attitudes toward behavior management techniques. Pediatr Dent 1992; 14: 376-81). Also, the acceptance of each behavior management technique is influenced by culture and geographic region. (Long N. The changing nature of parenting in America. Pediatr Dent 2004; 26: 121-4.) Till now there is only one Indian study was there regarding acceptance behavioral management techniques by parents. (Elango I, Baweja DK, Shivaprakash PK. Parental acceptance of pediatric behavior management techniques: A comparative study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2012;30:195-200) Thus, understanding parental acceptance regarding various behavior management techniques are very important which will ensure the proper child-dentist relationship as well as providing proper care. So the aim of this study was to assess the attitudes of parents towards different behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. Materials and methods: 40 Parents were randomly selected from the department of pedodontics and preventive dentistry after the institutional committee ethical approval. (KA/PD- 06/2013) The inclusion criteria was decided which were, Parents of children with age 4-15 years with no previous dental history, Parents who are willing to participate and able to view and understand the videotape and Parents of all socioeconomic status irrespective of their age, gender, income, educational status, and occupation. A master video tape of various 9 behavior management techniques was made using the software windows movie maker v3.6. the behavior management techniques used were: (1.) Tell Show Do, (2.) Modeling, (3.) Positive reinforcement, (4.) Distraction, (5.) Voice control, (6.) Hand over mouth exercise, (7.) physical restrain, (8.) conscious sedation and (9.) General Anesthesia. All the behavior management techniques which were shown in the master video tape were recorded in the department of pedodontics and preventive dentistry. Before each behavior management, it was explained. The master video tape was approved by four pedodontist having more than 10 years of experience. The techniques were presented in the same sequence to all parents as follows: The video tape was 8 minutes long duration with each technique describing 20-30 seconds. After watching each behavior management technique parents were asked to give the opinion. The assessment form was filled by the parents contained the names of the techniques with two parameters of the visual analogue scale: Acceptableà ¯Ã‚ Ã…  , Not acceptableà ¯Ã‚ Ã…’ Videotape was projected using a laptop/ projector in the parent counseling room.() The subjects were asked to mark their opinion by using a vertical mark onto à ¯Ã‚ Ã…   or à ¯Ã‚ Ã…’ Following each technique Results: According to data analysis, the positive reinforcement was the most acceptable technique that was accepted by 37 parents (92.5%). The least acceptable technique was hand over mouth exercise and physical restrain that was accepted by only 5 parents (12.5%). The acceptance of various other behavior management techniques was in following order.(table 1) The same result is shown in the following bar diagram. (figure 3) Discussion: In the past years, various studies were conducted regarding the parental acceptance of various behavior management techniques by Murphy et al, Lawrence et al, Frankel, ; Havelka et al.; Scott and Garcà ­a-Godoy; Eaton et al, Elango et al. According to this study, the most acceptable techniques are positive reinforcement (92.5%) and tell show do (87.5%). These findings are in correlation with previous study done by Murphy et al. The reason for the highest rating of positive reinforcement and tell show do technique may be the parent demanding for the more child friendly behavior that will inspire the child for future dental treatment. Also in Murphy`s study, it was showed that the sedation and general anesthesia was least acceptable by parents. (Murphy MG, Fields HW Jr, Machen JB. Parental acceptance of pediatric behavior management techniques. Pediatr Dent 1984;6:193à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ8.) But in our study, General anesthesia and conscious sedation both were selected by 25 % of parents. The reason may be, they don’t want their child cry in the dental clinic and want multiple dental treatment in single sitting. It was concluded in the study by Eaton et al that in recent years, the approval for permission of nitrous oxide sedation has increased. (Eaton JJ, McTigue DJ, Fields HW, Beck FM. Attitudes of contemporary parents toward behavior management techniques used in paediatric dentistry. Pediatr Dent 2005; 27: 107-13.) However in our study we found that a considerable number of parents (25%) approved this technique, which was more than the previous studies by Murphy. The least acceptable techniques are hand over mouth exercise (12.5%) and physical restrain (12.5%) These findings are in correlation with previous studies done by Murphy et al. [1984] Eaton et al [2005] and J. Luis de Leà ³n et al [2010]. The reason for the same may be parents consider these techniques as illegal, unprofessional and not child friendly. HOME technique is also facing some controversy over a long period of time. For this reason many pedodontists are not using this technique and believe that parents may react negatively if they use this technique. (Bowers LT. The legality of using hand-over-mouth exercise for management of child behavior. J Dent Child 1982; 49: 257-65.) According to the report by Ouesis (2010) although HOME technique is eliminated from the AAPD guidelines, many dentists still accept this technique. (Oueis HS, Ralstrom E, Miriyala V, Molinari GE, Cassamassinmo P. Alternatives for Hand Over Mouth Exercise after its elimination from the clinical guidelines of the American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. Pediatr Dent 2010;32:223-8) Restrain the child by pediwrap was also the least accepted technique. However it was suggested by frankle that this technique can be the accepted techniques by the mother if the child ic un cooperative. (Frankel RI. The Papoose Board and mothers’ attitudes following its use. Pediatr Dent 1991; 13: 284-8) Limitations: As the coin has two sides, the limitation in this study should not be ruled out. The first is different parents might evaluate the video tape differently and second one is failure to analyze the stress level of parents during watching the video tape. Further studies can be donre to eliminate these limitations. Conclusion: The following two conclusions can be drawn from this study, Parents prefer more positive approaches and management techniques that involve demonstrations geared for the child’s level of understanding. Aversive conditioning like Physical Restraint, Hand over mouth exercise and voice control is more strongly rejected than sedation and general anesthesia.

Qualitative Versus Quantitative Methods in Education Research

All educational (and other) research falls into two broad methodological categories: qualitative and quantitative (Lincoln & Denzin, 1994; Charles, 1998; Merriam, 1998; Holliday, 2001). â€Å"Research that relies on verbal data is called qualitative research, while research that relies on numerical data is called quantitative research [emphasis original]† (Charles, p. 30). Various opinions exist, depending on one†s viewpoint, experience, or preference, about which of the two major approaches to education research, qualitative or quantitative, is better. In my own opinion, neither quantitative research in education nor qualitative research in education is inherently â€Å"better† or â€Å"worse†; one†s research method must spring from the design and content of the project itself. To decide on one research method or another, based on other reasons, seems to me both artificial and possibly harmful to the project. I believe that both of these methods are inherently, equally useful depending on how and why they are used, and on what is expected from the project by the researcher and others. According to Charles (1998), the original impetus for any educational research project, either qualitative or quantitative, springs from an initial recognition of a particular problem or concern, perhaps previously unidentified or insufficiently researched: A concern is identified for which there is no ready answer. The concern may have arisen because of a need, an interest, or a requirement, or a commissioned work, and may have been present for a long time or may have arisen unexpectedly. For example . . . ducators have identified a disturbing pattern of academic achievement in . . . schools-students from certain ethnic groups seem to progress more rapidly than others, despite the educators† efforts to provide equal educational opportunities for all. (p. 10). We would use qualitative research . . . to investigate and describe the after-school activities of . . . high school students newly arrived from El Salvador. We would try to document carefully who did what, and the data thus obtained would be mostly verbal, acquired through observation, otation, and recording. On the other hand, if we wished to assess the language and mathematics abilities of those same students, we would use quantitative research. . . . administer tests that yield numerical scores we could analyze statistically. (Charles) Qualitative research in education involves using research methods that might include observation; interviewing, or shadowing of research subjects, and/or interpretation of data, from an individual, non-empirical perspective. Quantitative research, on the other hand, uses methods like statistical surveys; questionnaires with results are broken down by percentages, and interpreted on that basis, and other empirical (rather than interpretative) methods. It is also possible, within some education research projects, to combine qualitative and quantitative research into one project, for example, by doing both statistical surveys of minority high school students on their feelings about access to college-preparatory and advanced placement courses, and personal observations of minority students within their high schools. I see considerable merit within both educational research methods, and have read a number of both qualitative and quantitative studies that I have found worthwhile and helpful. Therefore, I believe that it depends on one†s project design, and one†s goals for the project, whether one should select either a quantitative or a qualitative research method, or perhaps a combination of both methods, to best achieve one†s goals for an educational research project.

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