Harmful human activities on global warming Research Paper

Harmful human activities on global warming - Research Paper Example The history of global warming begins with growth and development of human race on earth. Besides, industrialization and unrestricted exploitation of natural resources (say, renewable and non-renewable) accelerated global warming. Today, the cyclic process of nature is partially or totally degraded by human activity. So, it is the global responsibility to conserve nature and to reduce the scope of further harmful human activities upon nature. Thesis statement: An investigative study to unveil the cause effect relationship between global warming and harmful human activates (Special references to the topics like using fossil fuels, deforestation and over population). I. General thoughts about Global warming The general thoughts about global warming are mainly based on the cause effect relationship between human activities and global warming. One cannot ignore the harmful effects of human activities upon nature because it is the main reason behind global warming or high increase in globa l temperature. Besides, global warming is not limited to the sphere of a single nation because all the nations are facing the after effects, regardless of richness or poverty. From a different angle of view, the far reaching consequences of global warming may transform the earth into a barren land, not suitable for human inhabitation. The responsibility of developed nations to take initiative in fighting against the after effects of this possible manmade disaster is crucial. The present discussions upon global warming do not help the human race to reduce the drastic effects of global warming because the developing and underdeveloped nations are not yet ready to consider the same as and utmost serious threat. In fact, the whole world is undergoing serous climate change and it is the responsibility of the global community to take apt remedial measures to reduce the drastic effects of global warming. As pointed out, the general thoughts on global warming leads to discussions, not remed ial measures to reduce its after effects. So, corrective actions can save the earth from drastic climate change and after effects of the same. The developed nations can play the most important role in reducing the harmful effects of global warming because the developing and underdeveloped nations are helpless to move forward without economic support. II. Harmful human activities Earlier, the human beings used to have harmonious relationship with nature. They considered that the natural resources are not to be over exploited because the same must be handed over to the future generations. But the renaissance spirit transformed the whole world and it paved the way for industrialization and mechanization. Then, the human beings began to exploit renewable and non-renewable resources on earth. Gradually, these human activities began to affect the ecological balance and it accelerated natural imbalance. So, one can easily identify that overexploitation of renewable and non-renewable resour ces without considering the rights of future generations lead to harmful effects. Some of the most important harmful human activities like using fossil fuels, deforestation and over population are discussed below. A. Using Fossil Fuels The indiscriminate exploitation and usage of fossil fuel leads to solar ice cap depletion, sea level rise, and increased rate of temperature. First of all, fossil fuel is not a renewable resource or it cannot be restored. The renewable resources

Law Of Agency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law Of Agency - Essay Example Principals by placing fresh orders with Papa Dog. Thus, she is personally liable for her actions and not her principals. Although initially she had remonstrated with Josh, regarding the defect in product K10, later she confirmed order for  £600 without seeking permission from her principals. This action has made her liable under law of criminal tort and negligence. The next feature that needs to be seen is that under the law of agency, it is illegal for an agent to make secret profits out of actions arising out of agency business. Even if she did she would be liable to disclose the same to the principal and act according to their instructions. However, this was also not done, making her an ideal candidate for tort, criminal action under agency laws and fraudulent conduct. â€Å"Agents have certain duties to their principals. This could be in terms of performing the legal duties as embodied in covenant and adhering to â€Å"standards of reasonable care, skills and diligence implicit in all contracts.† (Chapter 19: Agent Duties to Principal, #13). Again agents have a major duty to reveal to the principal information gathered from outside sources regarding matters relevant to business â€Å"that is important to the principals.† (Chapter 19: Agent Duties to Principal, #13). â€Å"The duty of loyalty† in terms of not working in cross purposes or detrimental to the interests of the principal is also sacrosanct for the agent. .† (Chapter 19: Agent Duties continued, #14). Again the duty of obedience entails that agent would have to honour the legal and ethical guidelines offered by the principal â€Å"during the performance of the agency.† (Chapter 19: Agent Duties continued, #14). In the case of Alwood v. Clifford (2002) EMCR -3, the lady, Alwood was expecting eight children, and she hired the services of Clifford, for arranging for leading newspaper to cover the rare event. Clifford

Implications of Casual Dress At Work

Implications of Casual Dress At Work Contents (Jump to) 1. Abstract 2. Introduction Professional dress Casual dressing at work 3. Literature Review Background/history Definition of casual wear Business casual A brief history of the Bank of America The role played by clothing The origins of casual dressing Consequences of casual wear Positive consequences Negative consequences 4. Methods of analysis Methods of collecting data Results of analysis 5. Conclusion and recommendations 6. References 1. ABSTRACT This paper seeks to establish the effects and implications of getting casual within the work environment of Bank of America. The Bank of America being the largest bank (by assets), it is known for its high levels of professionalism and its workers formal dress code. This paper will therefore discuss the banks service delivery to its clients while at the same time highlighting the aspects of effects of possible causal approaches that may be employed by the bank employees in discharging their duties. This discussion will be done systematically with special emphasis on different sections that will comprise of a table of content, introduction, literature review, method of analysis, results of analysis, the conclusions and recommendations made, a list of the references used in the collection of the information and finally a list appendices showing the additional material used in this discussion. 2. INTRODUCTION The Bank of America Corporation is based in charlotte which is in North Carolina, it is considered to be one of the largest financial institutions that offer financial services, it is also considered to be the largest bank in the assets category (it ahs the highest asset value).The bank is also the largest commercial bank by deposits. It is also ranked as the second largest bank on the basis of market capitalization in the United States. The bank (company) is known to hold about 12.2% of the total U.S deposits. It also holds the number one position of underwriting the global high yield debt, it is considered to be the third largest underwriter of global equity. The Bank plays a very important and critical role as an adviser to the global mergers and acquisition (it is therefore placed at the ninth position as an adviser on global mergers and acquisitions. The total numbers of clients served by the Bank of America originate from more than 150 countries from across the world. It has the highest percentage of relation with the U.S Fortune 500 companies (this percentage stands at 99%).Its relation with the fortune Global 500 stands at 83% (of these companies).The bank is a very important component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and also an influential member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).The bank demonstrated its ability to weather the 2007 credit crisis and emerged as the healthiest financial institution during that period. It later plunged in market value after incurring heavy losses as a result of purchasing the Merrill Lynch. The 2009 first quarter profits were valued at 4.2 billion with 3.7 billion having originated from the Merrill Lynch. Professional dress Before engaging in an informative discussion on the possible impacts of casual dressing at the work place or any other associated aspects of casual attitude in the work environment, it is important to understand the concept of professional dressing and its significance in the professional world of business. Professional dressing has a lot of significance especially in the Financial sector (which the Bank of America is part of).There is great significance that is attached to the color of the professional dress, this is largely due to the different meanings expressed by the different type of colours.For example, deep and dark colors are associated with wealth.Nuetral and the basic colors are most appropriate for business attire. In the Bank of America most senior managers dress in Dark colored suits which is a symbol of authority, the dark colors also symbolize power. Blue is a color that conveys dignity. Green has been labeled as a very inappropriate color for a male suit; this is because it is a common color for many hotel uniforms has cannot live up to the status demanded by the professional world. Gray is a common color that represents success and trustworthiness. The female employees have realized that the black color is an important and is able to complement many of their professional dresses. They therefore need to choose their clothes carefully based on solid colors that can easily blend with as many colors as possible. Female employees can always soften the basic colors for their professional dresses like brown and black by adding jewel tones, these usually demonstrates their confidence and energy, which is much needed by customers they serve in the professional environment of Bank of America. The corporate and professional standards must be respected during the selection of the Professional dresses; the color of these dresses is a key factor to making a good a selection. The type of fabric is also a factor in the selection process simply because it is symbolic (For example the natural fibers like linen, wool, cotton and silk are a symbol of status. The most preferred type of fabric for both male and female employees in the Bank include 100% pure wool. It is the most appropriate fabric for the professional dresses, followed by cotton. The likes of suede, leather, velvet and satin are fabrics that are inappropriate for professional dresses. There have been different interpretations for the meaning of professional dressing in America (different states have their interpretations, for example the Texas and some Western states believe that a business man can wear polished cowboy boots and their business suits and remain professional).Florida and California has a more casual dre ssing standard compared to New York. There are States that have remained very conservative with their dressing style (meaning they tend to dress professionally more often than not) these states include D.C, Atlanta, Boston, and Chicago).It is common knowledge that professional dressing has its important significance, in the sense that it builds confidence of the employees and also helps to build a professional environment within the Bank environment which is a plus to the image of the Bank of America. It necessary that the customers or the Bank clients constantly feel that they are dealing with professionals who will at all tomes give them professional advice to help them protect the investments and also give them sound financial advice. It is interesting that professional dressing helps to build this environment. A good professional image for the male employees within the bank is to ensure that they wear good quality suits that are solid and have dark colors. These suits should be complimented with good quality ties. They need to maintain a conservative way of dressing, simply because Bank of America as explained in this introduction is an international bank and has clients all over the world and therefore employees within the American Branch have a high potential of serving customers from all over the world and must remain professional if they are to handle such customers who constantly need assurance that the bank is professional and has safely kept their deposits. Casual dressing at work The major possible causes of the emerging trend of the casual dressing trend in the financial sector with specific interest in the Bank of America include; the need to return to a state of elegance as a new approach of expressing professionalism and slow but progressive change from the formal dress code. This paper will therefore will address the history or origin of the casual dressing and its possible consequences within the Bank of America. Some of the casual dressing trends also adopted by other banking institutions or businesses include the casual Fridays and the dress-down days. 3. LITERATURE REVIEWBackground/history This section of the paper will focus on the corporate history of the bank in an attempt to trace the reasons for the Banks dress code policy in relation to the type of customers or clients that they serve. It must be noted that the term ‘getting casual at work does not specifically refer to the dressing code but can be broadly discussed in the context of the employee behavior within the bank; this behavior could also be referred to as being informal be it in the hierarchal level or towards the delivery of services to customers. The Bank of America does not really have an extremely strict type of dress code but insists on smart business casual or any other dressing style that excludes jeans-shirts or in appropriate dressing, suits are not very common within the Bank(this is with reference to the junior employees who are not part of the management team). There are different types of casual dressing which include: Smart casual, Business Casual and sports wear. The most commonly used casual dressing style is the business casual followed by the smart casual. Definition of the casual wears Smart casual: This type of dress code is loosely defined and is very distinct compared to the business casual. The only challenge is that its definition is not very precise and many confuse the term smart casual with the term business casual, this definition of smart casual contains dress trousers even though other definitions include jean trousers. It also includes long sleeve dress shirt, loafers, tie (is optional), a belt, a sport coat. For female employees this could mean a skirt (either long or short), a fashionable belt, a jacket, a sweater that complements the dress that the employee has worn. The women are free to wear jewelry that compliments there type of dressing. It must be noted that this type of dressing is mostly appropriate in academic circles that majorly involves events where the said expert or professional speaks in front of an audience during lectures. Business casual This is a dress code that emerged in many white collar jobs in a number of western countries; this trend emerged in the early 1970 when there was the energy crisis. During this period the government had decided to raise the thermostat setting which then led to many managers authorizing their employees to do way with ties and jackets. The popularity of the business casual had surpassed the business formal attire wear. There are different definitions with regard to the business casual wear, meaning there is no generally accepted definition for this kind of wear, every organization defines this type of wear according to their interpretation which is majorly structured to suit the objectives or the interest of the organization. A definition given by the New York Times cites job search engine Monster.com states that a business casual wear means dressing professionally and looking neat while at the same time remaining pulled together. Business casual for female employees comprises of a ski rt of reasonable length or even full length pants of non jeans material. This can be complimented with a top. The business casual wear for men is considered as a combination of a collard shirt, belt and shoes (e.g. loafers) with socks. The neck ties and cufflinks are generally not recommended for business casual wear. A brief corporate history of the Bank of America Amadeo Giannini founded the Bank of Italy in the year 1904 in San Francisco. The main function of this bank was to cater to immigrants. Amadeo was brought up by the Fava family; this happened after his lost his father, who was shot trying to collect a debt. Opportunity knocked at Amedeos door step when the San Francisco earthquake struck in the year 1906.He was able to rescue all his funds from the banks building which was ruined. He then used the rescued funds to loan out to individuals who were willing to rebuild. He got his fortunes in the later year after all his debtors paid up their loans. He used his money to start the bank of America and Italy in the year 1922 (this was in Italy where he had bought Banca dellItalia Meridionale which had been established in the year 1918).In the year 1927 Amadeo consolidated his Bank of Italy which already had 101 branches with the Liberty bank of America which had 175 branches. This resulted into the Bank of Italy National TrustSavings Association which had a capital of $30,000,000 and had resources worth $115,000,000.It was later in 1928 that he merged with Bank of America Los Angeles, he later renamed his Bank of Italy to Bank of America in the year 1930.The Merger was completed in the year 19 29 and resulted into BANK OF AMERICA. The role played by the Clothing There is great importance pegged to the dressing style in the corporate world and this includes the Bank of America. It is common for executives within the bank to be associated with Business suits which usually symbolize the executive status. This simply means that the dressing styles acts as a code of differentiating the employees within the bank. In cases where the corporate body has a corporate uniform, there is increased ease of employee identification by the customers (this greatly helps to promote the corporate image).Since there is never a second chance to make a lasting impression to the customers, it is important for the employees to realize that the appropriate clothing for a given role within the bank can help improve the image of that employee within that role or even potentially help the employee win other roles within the bank. There is an interesting fact about clothing and the role it plays in placing individuals within a given social order. It is undeniable that there are different social orders that exist within the Bank of America, and these social orders are characterized by the dressing styles that are adopted by the employees (this usually happens whether they are aware or not).It is advisable for the employees to identify the type of role that they want to play and then dress the part. Status is another role played by the type of clothing chosen by a bank employee. A museum specialist called Barbara Dickstein argued that clothing was the major thing that represented an individual as opposed to the jewelry they might own. Wallach also stated in the year 1991 that clothing was a way of stating the status, the role of an individual in life and his social position.Role of clothing (examples). Blue velvet represented or symbolized the French nobilities (this was in the seventeenth century).The European court officials in the past wore clothes that were royal blue and purple in color. In Germany, clothing that were red in color were only designated to the members of the upper class. The ‘casual revolution begun in the year 1990, it was noted that during this period many employees including the company Managers were slowly adopting this emerging trend of casual wear. Apart from bank of America the trend was largely noticeable in downtown financial districts, businesses and corporate rooms in America. The characteristic of the trend is that employees would be casually dressed but look very presentable at the same time. As mentioned in the introduction there are different types of casual wear, the most common being the business wear (It is a very interesting dressing style in the sense that it allows the employee to feel comfortable while at the same maintaining his or h er professional image (examples include cotton shins,sweaters,and khaki pants. Care must be taken during the selection of the casual wear, simply because some of them are in appropriate for an office environment. Many employees have ignored the fact that casual does not imply that one should dress in a sloppy manner, examples of inappropriate casual wear include sleeveless shirts, tank tops and sports wear. It is appropriate for the female employees to avoid clothes that are revealing as these fall under inappropriate dressing. The main reason given by many accounting firms like Delloite and Touche and KPMG is that the casual wears affect the professional image of these professional companies that are always expected by their clients to maintain a corporate and professional image. John Molloy who authored the book ‘Dress for Success mentioned in his book that ‘Rulers of the Corporate and Political America wear suits-always have and always will, There are some large American companies that have also embraced the concept of casual dressing, examples of these companies include General motors and the Ford (they have come up with casual dress policies that cover the entire week as shown by Rothenberg, 1995.Another notable example is the Chrysler car company, where the employees at the headquarters are to dress as they please, twice in a week, there is a possibility of this trend completely taking over the dressing policy of the company. The customer expectation is an indispensable factor when it comes to choosing the most appropriate type of dressing. The management team of the Bank of America strongly believes that the dress code could affect the perception of the customers towards the company e.g. inappropriate or unprofessional dressing badly dents the professional image of the company. The Human Resource Manager of Price Water House Coopers (Pat Cooper believes that â€Å"Appropriate dress reflects good judgment and clients feel someone who has good judgment will give good advise† (walker, 1993).There is need for clear dress policy within the bank to assist with the definition of the casual wear that is acceptable to the customers and the bank ultimately. The different origins of casual dressing The current trend of casual wear within the Bank cannot be traced to one particular origin but can be attributed to the egalitarian movement in the business and industrial environment in the early 1980.This also brought with it the idea of empowerment and teamwork which aimed at reducing the distinctions that resulted from class. The dress codes are greatly influenced by the customer and employee demands. The bank only recommends very casual dressing for those events that are considered charitable. Consequences of Casual wear Positive consequences This section of the paper will explore the different aspects of casual wear with respect to their impact on employee behavior towards customers and even the Bank management team. It can be argued that appropriate casual dressing brings with it positive consequences. These positive consequences benefit both the employer and the employee. If the management team of Bank of America would dress more casually then they would be more comfortable and therefore look approachable to the other employees and this could in a great way boost interaction with the management team which could result into sharing of ideas that would otherwise not be shared.There is a growing popular realization that companies can immensely gain from more comfortable and flexible employees, it is an interesting fact that casual wear usually creates a more relaxed environment thus making the employees to have sense of freedom. If this kind of environment was enhanced through positive control, then the productivity level of employees within the Bank of America can be improved greatly. The casual ware also has its secondary impact in the clothing industry. The emerging trend of casual wear has led to an increased sales volume for many casual wear clothing firms; hence they have experienced positive growth in terms of profit margins. The fashion firms have also engaged in extensive campaigns to encourage the firms to adopt the casual wear for their employees. Departmental stores like Jacobsons have realized that they can promote the trend and in turn boost their sales volume in the long run. They have opted to taking the campaign to the door steps of these financial institutions or Banking corporations by giving them free seminars on the type of casual dressing that can be adopted. Negative impacts of casual dressing It is undeniable that the business casual wear and many other types of casual wear which were popular in the early 1990 have sent shock industry across the financial institutions that had adopted them. The focus of this paper will be on the negative impacts of this casual on the Bank of America. The discussion will therefore capture both aspects of the term of ‘getting casual at work. The aspects in this case will refer to the business casual dresses used by the employees and the casual attitude adopted by the employees towards discharging their duties. The current statistics show that this formerly popular trend is on the decline after the Bank realized that this particular type of dressing was projecting an image that was perceived by the Bank customers as unprofessional therefore eroding the confidence of the customers in the bank. The issue that alarmed the Bank is the statistics that showed that employees who dressed more casually at work tended to be more casual at the place of work in the sense that they discharged their duties more casually. This meant serious implications for the Bank. The casual attire was the largest contributor to the damaging of the corporate image, it also led to casual interaction among the employees for example it encouraged slacking off in the work productivity. The employees tended to joke more frequently, engage in non productive discussions through comments that encouraged flirtatious behavior thus creating an environment that could encourage sexual harassment within the work place. This directly meant that the bank could potentially lose skilled employees through court cases and court penalties. It also posed the risk of dragging the Banks image into these court cases (this could dent the banks image).It also led to the loss of manpower hours. Evidence from a survey conducted by a law firm further supports this fact. There survey which was conducted in 1,000 companies revealed that 50% of these companies had noticed an increase in absenteeism and tardiness after implementing a casual dress policy.30% of these companies also realized that flirtatious behavior had risen. Another challenge that faced the casual dress was the fact that there was no clear definition of what casual business attire should entail. Many employees interpreted the casual wear as what they usually put on at home (some even walked around in the office without shoes. This had the potential of making the work environment not conducive. Molloys research showed that women who were trying to get ahead in the corporate world found it increasing challenging to be taken seriously when they were casually dressed. The business casual wear in the bank sent a strong subtextual message to the customers who interpreted the message to mean that the Bank employees were going to handle their financial needs including their hard earned moneys in a very casual manner. This signal sent to the customers was not the message the Bank would at any one point wish to send to its clients and customers, hence casual wear sends a contrary message to what the bank wishes to send to its clients and customers. A critical review of the casual dressing policy reveals that the policy has more disadvantages than the advantages the Bank would want to achieve at the end of the day. Hence the Bank has become very skeptical of the proposed advantages the business casual wear would bring to the Bank environment. The bank bases its argument on the far reaching effects the casual wear would have on its customers who are the Banks number one priority. 4. METHODS OF ANALYSIS The following techniques were used in the analysis of data and information that was collected in this research paper: Case study, this involved conducting inquiries in order to investigate the phenomenon of ‘getting casual at work within its real life context, this was done on purpose because the boundary between the phenomenon and the context was not very evident. It involved the extensive use of qualitative data that was drawn from interviews and observations. It therefore was used to draw a clear understanding of the concept of getting casual at work. It involved the examination of surveys that were conducted in companies that had the casual wear policies and its main focus was on the Bank of America. The second technique used was the Experimental Design, which is an investigative technique that provided maximum control. It enabled the relationship between the casual attitude and dressing at the work place and its possible impacts to the Bank of America in terms of employee productivity and customer relation, to be isolated and then measure accurately in a carefully controlled experimental environment (where there is the experiment and the control) Methods of collecting Data The type of data that was collected in this case was qualitative data which was structured; this kind of data was produced through closed questions. This involved the use of questionnaires, which made the process of data analysis easier and more efficient. The questionnaires were administered to the employees, customers, and even managers of the Bank of America. It important to note that the questionnaires can only allow the prescribe questions and restricted responses. The design of the questionnaire was largely influenced by the type of data analysis. Interviews were also used to collect the data, in this particular case the structured interview approach was used to get information directly from the bank employees, customers and managers. Results of Analysis These will presented through the use of charts and graphical tables 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS This paper has demonstrated that ‘getting casual at work poses a potential threat to the image of the Bank of America and can therefore the casual wear can not be adopted as a possible dress code for the bank, this is largely due to the fact that the disadvantages the casual wear holds outweighs the advantages of this concept of ‘getting casual at work. It is important for the bank employees to maintain a professional image by maintaining or putting on professionally recognized dresses. The female employee can dress in the upper class type of business wear that are mostly of natural fibers and respect cultural standards. 6. REFERENCES Button, G. (1995, November 6). No bathrobes, please. FORBES, 130. Davies, R. (1992, September). Managing by listening. Nations Business, 6. Himelstein, L. (1996, April 1). Levis vs. the dress code Business Week, 57. Rothenberg, A. (1995, June). What to wear? Wards Auto World, 32-33.

The Extreme Right in Britain Essay -- Political Politics

The Extreme Right in Britain Introduction Perhaps, one of the highly debated issues in the electoral procedures of different European nations is about the extreme right. Based on the premise that the nation is the primary unit of social and political organization, extremist nationalism has been revived since the demise of communism. Unlike civic nationalism, which stresses equality and solidarity, the exaggerated, chauvinistic, and aggressive nationalism of the extreme right upholds the significance of the nation and national identity against any other value. Each person is defined by membership in ancient ethnic and cultural groups that are hierarchically arranged according to the "natural order." In the extreme rights’ view, violating this natural order through racial combination leads to corruption in society. Consequently, the extreme right portrays itself as the defender of the nation, protecting society's integrity and purity from the onslaught of foreigners and unwanted change. Therefore, national identity subordinates all other identifications; it divides good from evil and friend from enemy. It is a source of pride that right-wing extremists feel has been denied them by the state and liberals. The resurgence of extreme right parties gained its first sudden and dramatic momentum when the Front National (FN), led by Jean-Marie LePen, scored 11.2 percent in the 1984 European elections. This took many by surprise, including political and social scientists, most of whom at the time had expected rightist extremism to disperse altogether. Indeed, until the mid-1980s, the organized extreme right remained completely marginalized in Europe, enjoyed little political support, and performed poorly in elections. Even mor... ... as Compared with Previous Ones. Jerusalem, 1996. Hainsworth, P. â€Å"The Extreme Right† In Politics of the Extreme Right: From the Margins to the Mainstream. London, 2000. Heath, A. â€Å"What has happened to the extreme Right in Britain. Working Paper, 23, 1993. Ignazi, P. Extreme Right parties in Western Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Margetts, H. John, P. Weir, S. Latent Support for the far-Right in British Politics: The BP and UKIP in the 2004 European and London Elections. Paper Presented to PSA EPOP conference: University of Oxford, 2004. Rensmann, L. â€Å"The New Politics of Prejudice; Comparative Perspectives on Extreme Right Parties in European democracies†. German Politics and Society, 21:4 (2003). Taguieff, P.A. "The New Cultural Racism in France". Telos, 83: Spring (1990) Walker, M. The National Front. Fontana Collins: Glasgow, 1978.

The Duke of Delirium: Duke Orsino Analyzed Through Structuralism

Orsino, the Duke of Delirium: Why Our Leaders Will Never Be Self-Aware Shakespeare adorns Orsino, the Duke of Illyria, with numerous character faults: narcissism, capriciousness, impatience; even Olivia finds the Duke repulsive in his â€Å"embassy† (1. 5), and Feste dubs him â€Å"a foolish wit† (1. 5). It is not until Viola enters that Orsino is painted in a new brighter light, and even then, the Duke acts entitled, shallow, and overly masculine (2. 4). Although â€Å"Twelfth Night† is not a tragedy, Orsino’s circumstance is tragic. He is trapped in a vicious hierarchy: a noble wall that separates him from others, protecting his off-putting persona. Because of his status, citizens cannot communicate to him his flaws. Because they cannot communicate, he is left stagnant at the end of the play. When analyzed via structuralism, Orsino’s character articulates the Ur Code that all noble men, protected by a thriving kingdom, act entitled and superior. Interestingly enough, the opposition: ‘Orsino’s perception of self’ verses ‘Other’s perception of Orsino’ (shown below) displays the only common attribute shared between the personal view and the outsider’s view of Orsino: nobility. While this may seem obvious, it explains the lack of communication between the governed and Orsino. The title, â€Å"Duke,† ultimately determines all of the opinions, and also prevents the presentation of these faults to Orsino. When it comes to Orsino, the fact that he holds power is what makes him feel entitled to constant entertainment from Feste, undying love from Olivia, and continuous approval from those he rules. Orsino is oblivious to his changeability and narcissism, which develops the irony of this situation. Orsino’s Perception of Orsino| Illyria’s Perception of Orsino| Great lover/ Romantic | Impatient | Constant | Fickle | Noble | Noble | Masculine | Insincere | Entitled/ Superior | Vainglorious/ Narcissistic| Shakespeare may have inserted this irony into â€Å"Twelfth Night† to further the theme ‘He/She is not what it appears. ’ In the same way as Viola is perceived as a man, but is really a woman, Orsino is perceived as a jerk, but considers himself brilliant. The only difference is that Viola’s perception of self is correct and Orsino’s is incorrect†¦that is, if we are allowed to judge! This question, perhaps, is the largest piece of Shakespeare’s message. The constant switches between gender (Viola/ Cesario), standing (Feste/ Sir Topas), and identity (Sebastian/ Viola) turn the audience’s perceptions upside down and make us question simple things like whether Orsino is good or bad. The Duke wins the heart of Viola in the end, but remains a stagnant ruler. Though they are to be married, he still views himself as being in control of her: â€Å"And since you call’d me master for so long,/Here is my hand: you shall from this time be/Your master’s mistress† (5. ). A female ruler would never have this level of authority, for it is not considered dignified or proper, further proving the point that only males in power possess an overwhelming sense of entitlement. Male entitlement, sadly, is a pattern established in many other portrayals of leaders from Caesar to King George III. Our culture and hierarchies prevent accurate communication, leaving rulers in a state of delirium, a state which Shakespeare’s play s intended for us to be in all along.

Summary on Globalization

Globalization describes an ongoing process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a network of communication and execution. Globalization is often term or refers to economic globalization i. e. the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. The driving forces of globalization are a combination of Economic, Technological, Socio-cultural and Political factors. Scholars indicate the increasing economic integration and interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of goods, service, technology, and capital. It can be said that globalization is the door to global resources that opens up to the international market. Economic and financial globalization and the expansion of world trade have brought substantial benefits to countries around the world. But the current financial crisis has put globalization on hold, with capital flows reversing and global trade shrinking. There are countless indicators that illustrate how goods, capital, and people, have become more globalized. †¢The value of trade (goods and services) as a percentage of world GDP increased from 42. 1 percent in 1980 to 62. 1 percent in 2007. †¢Foreign direct investment increased from 6. 5 percent of world GDP in 1980 to 31. 8 percent in 2006. †¢The stock of international claims (primarily bank loans), as a percentage of world GDP, increased from roughly 10 percent in 1980 to 48 percent in 2006. The number of minutes spent on cross-border telephone calls, on a per-capita basis, increased from 7. 3 in 1991 to 28. 8 in 2006. †¢The number of foreign workers has increased from 78 million people (2. 4 percent of the world population) in 1965 to 191 million people (3. 0 percent of the world population) in 2005. There is a long debate about the effects of globalization, as the most common phenomenon that we heard is the capitalizing the resources of developing countries b y developed countries, brain drains as opportunities in richer countries droves talent away. In many poorer nations globalization is actually the result of the foreign businesses investing in the country to take advantage of the lower wage rate, foreign resources and engraving more markets. The anti-globalization movement developed in opposition to the perceived negative aspects of globalization. The group represents a wide range of interests and issues. Opponents of globalization point out to its negative effects. Some of them are listed below. †¢Globalization has led to exploitation of labor. Prisoners and child workers are used to work in inhumane conditions. Safety standards are ignored to produce cheap goods. †¢Job insecurity. Earlier people had stable, permanent jobs. Now people live in constant dread of losing their jobs to competition. †¢Terrorists have access to sophisticated weapons enhancing their ability to inflict damage. †¢Companies have set up industries causing pollution in countries with poor regulation of pollution. †¢Fast food chains like McDonalds and KFC are spreading in the developing world. People are consuming more junk food from these joints which has an adverse impact on their health. †¢Local industries are being taken over by foreign multinationals. †¢The increase in prices has reduced the government’s ability to sustain social welfare schemes in developed countries. †¢Multinational Companies and corporations which were previously restricted to commercial activities are increasingly influencing political decisions. It is important to ensure that the gains from globalization are more broadly shared across the population. For this purpose reforms to strengthen education and training would help ensure that workers have the appropriate skills for the evolving global economy. Policies that broaden the access of finance to the poor would also help, as would further trade liberalization that boosts agricultural exports from developing countries. Additional programs may include providing adequate income support to moderate, but not block, the process of change, and also making health care less dependent on continued employment and increasing the portability of pension benefits in some countries.

Free Essays on Driving Over The Age Limit

Driving Over the Age Limit The elderly should not be allowed to retain their licenses after reaching a certain age. The elderly have problems that can effect the safety of other motorists. Problems with sight, judgement, and reflexes can effect elderly motorists on a daily basis. Elderly drivers also lack the ability to judge the speed of on-coming traffic. These problems will not only effect the elderly drivers, they will effect motorists of all ages. To prevent harm to other motorists, companies like Acess-a-Ride are available as an alternative to driving for senior citizens. Elderly drivers should be forced to surrender their licenses at a certain age. As a licensed driver, you are expected to drive cautiously and be prepared to react quickly. Elderly drivers cause concern in this area because their reflexes are not as quick as younger drivers’ reflexes are. Elderly drivers lack the ability to maneuver around or past dangerous situations. Dangerous situations can occur anywhere while driving, on local streets or highways. Reflexes are important to have if another driver suddenly cuts off an elderly motorist, and they have to swerve or stop short to prevent a collision. In a situation where seconds could mean the difference between impact with another vehicle reflexes mean everything. Elderly drivers reflexes are an example of why the elderly should be lawfully forced to surrender their license at older ages when reflexes are not at their prime. Elderly drivers lack the necessary reflexes for a safe driving environment and should be required to re linquish their licenses. Elderly drivers should also be forced to surrender their licenses because of problems with their vision. The law requires that a driver must be able to see well with or without glasses, in order to drive safely. As elderly drivers become older, their vision diminishes greatly. Proper visual ability plays an important role in daily driving. Elderly driver... Free Essays on Driving Over The Age Limit Free Essays on Driving Over The Age Limit Driving Over the Age Limit The elderly should not be allowed to retain their licenses after reaching a certain age. The elderly have problems that can effect the safety of other motorists. Problems with sight, judgement, and reflexes can effect elderly motorists on a daily basis. Elderly drivers also lack the ability to judge the speed of on-coming traffic. These problems will not only effect the elderly drivers, they will effect motorists of all ages. To prevent harm to other motorists, companies like Acess-a-Ride are available as an alternative to driving for senior citizens. Elderly drivers should be forced to surrender their licenses at a certain age. As a licensed driver, you are expected to drive cautiously and be prepared to react quickly. Elderly drivers cause concern in this area because their reflexes are not as quick as younger drivers’ reflexes are. Elderly drivers lack the ability to maneuver around or past dangerous situations. Dangerous situations can occur anywhere while driving, on local streets or highways. Reflexes are important to have if another driver suddenly cuts off an elderly motorist, and they have to swerve or stop short to prevent a collision. In a situation where seconds could mean the difference between impact with another vehicle reflexes mean everything. Elderly drivers reflexes are an example of why the elderly should be lawfully forced to surrender their license at older ages when reflexes are not at their prime. Elderly drivers lack the necessary reflexes for a safe driving environment and should be required to re linquish their licenses. Elderly drivers should also be forced to surrender their licenses because of problems with their vision. The law requires that a driver must be able to see well with or without glasses, in order to drive safely. As elderly drivers become older, their vision diminishes greatly. Proper visual ability plays an important role in daily driving. Elderly driver...

Whats Actually Tested on the ACT Science Section Skills and Topics

What's Actually Tested on the ACT Science Section Skills and Topics SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you studying for the ACT? Not sure what to expect from the science section? You might be surprised to know that the science section one of the most commonly misunderstood parts of the ACT. So what exactly is tested on the ACT science section? And how much science do you need to know to do well? We'll break down this section for you with example questions so you know exactly what to expect. ACT Science Section Format The ACT science section is 35 minutes long and contains 40 questions. That means that you have about 53 seconds to spend on each question. The science section’s format is more like the reading section than the math section – which is surprising for some students! Each question on the math section has its own task or problem. But for both the ACT Reading and ACT Science, you have to read a passage and then answer a series of questions about it. There are seven passages on the science section. Each passage could contain graphs, charts, experiment summaries, or conflicting viewpoints from scientists. Every passage is followed by four to seven questions about it. So to do well on this section, you need to be able to quickly but accurately read and understand scientific data. What Does AP Science Test You On? Although the ACT Science section includes a wide range of science content, it tests your scientific skills more than your knowledge. As the ACT puts it, â€Å"the Science Test †¦ measures the interpretation, analysis, evaluation, reasoning, and problem-solving skills required in the natural sciences.† In other words, the science section tests skills, not specific facts or topics. So how exactly do you learn these science skills? From taking science classes in high school. The ACT website recommends you take at least three years of science in high school, and have taken at least one biology course and one physical or earth science course by the time you take the test. Aside from being more fun than the average class, doing science experiments helps you prepare for the ACT! By taking science courses, you’ll learn about the scientific method, how to collect and analyze data, and how to evaluate a theory or hypothesis. These skills will help you succeed on ACT Science. By taking biology and earth science, you'll get enough background on science terminology to be able to process ACT Science topics. Content you're tested on could include biology, chemistry, physics, and earth/space sciences (including geology, astronomy, and meteorology). As an example, the Preparing for the ACT official practice test science section includes passages about finch beak depth, the process of ions being precipitated from the earth’s atmosphere, cloud cover, acid-base titration, stellar evolution (how stars evolve), and the human threshold of hearing. However, the ACT does not expect students to be experts on such a wide variety of science topics. Using these kinds of topics as starting points, the science section will ask questions about data representation, the research process, and conflicting hypotheses. So if your scientific reasoning skills are strong, you will be able to answer any ACT Science question – even if it’s about an obscure topic like finch beak depth! That said, science background from biology, earth sciences, and chemistry will be helpful, because you won’t be intimidated by scientific terminology on the test. As an example, it will be easier to break down a passage about finch beak depth if you are familiar with the concept of natural selection. But remember you don’t actually need an advanced knowledge of particular science concepts to do well on this section – you just need to be able to read and interpret graphs and studies. Now let’s explore the exact question types you will see on ACT science. ACT Science Question Types There are three different question types you will see on ACT science. The majority of questions focus on having you break down data and experiments, though you will also have to compare conflicting viewpoints between scientists. Check out the three different question types below to learn more. #1: Data Representation (30-40% of Questions) These questions have you read graphs, interpret scatterplots, and explain information presented in tables. While some knowledge of the subject being tested is helpful, what is more important is your ability to read and understand data. As an example, check out this question from an ACT practice test: Source: ACT Assessment Practice Multiple Choice Test, 2004. The topic of this passage is metamorphic rock formation. However, you don't need to be an expert on that, or even know much about metamorphic rocks at all, to break down the chart. The question asks you which conditions a Facies G rock is most likely to form under. Looking at the area of the chart representing Facies G rocks, you can see they form with pressure between roughly 10 and 14 kb, and temperatures between 200 and 1,000 degrees Celsius. Looking at the answer choices, only one (choice J) lists a pressure reading that a Facies G rock could form under. Therefore J is the correct answer. In other words, the question is testing your ability to read and interpret the graph. The question is not testing your knowledge of metamorphic rocks. #2: Research Summaries (45-55% of Questions) These questions require you to interpret the design and results of experiments. Again, specific content knowledge isn't as important as knowledge of the scientific method and data collection. Check out this example question to see what we mean. The topic of this passage is elaiosomes, nutritious structures in seeds that attract ants. However, you don't need to know much about ants, seeds, or elaiosomes to break down this study and know which variable was controlled. A controlled variable is a variable that remains constant. So all you're looking for is the variable in the experiment that was kept the same. Reading the study description, we see that "Two seed dishes were placed in each site." This makes G the correct answer. (The other answer choices, number of ants, mass of elaiosome of each seed, and type of seed taken by the ants, were not described as constant in the study summary.) So to get this question right, you have to know what a controlled variable is and how it relates to scientific study structure. You do not have to be an expert on ants or seed germination. This is why taking science classes and becoming knowledgeable in the scientific method is so important to doing well on ACT science. #3: Conflicting Viewpoints (15-20% of Questions) The final question type on the ACT science section tests your ability to understand, analyze, and compare alternate viewpoints or hypotheses. These questions will center around a single situation or problem, and you will read two different viewpoints and compare the similarities and differences. Check out the example below. The question is asking you to figure out the main point of disagreement between the two scientists. In this case, the disagreement becomes clear in the first sentence of each opinion. Scientist 1 says "the object was a comet," while Scientist 2 says "the object was a stony asteroid." This makes answer choice J ("the type of object that entered Earth's atmosphere") the correct choice. The scientists do not disagree on the other three answer choices. The location of the event (choice F) and speed of the object (choice G) are given in the initial description, and the scientists don't disagree on the density of Earth's atmosphere (choice H). Once again, your familiarity with the content, in this case comets and asteroids, is not important. What is important is your ability to read two different points of view and quickly hone in on similarities and differences. Even if you knew nothing about comets or asteroids, it would be possible to get this question right by using critical reading skills. Here's a summary chart of the types of questions you'll see on ACT Science: Type of Question Skills Needed Number of Questions (Percent of Questions) Data Representation Read and understand data About 15 questions (35%) Research Summaries Interpret the design and results of experiments About 18 questions (50%) Conflicting Viewpoints Compare, contrast, and analyze opposing viewpoints About 7 questions (15%) Bottom Line If you can read and interpret graphs, charts, and tables, analyze differing opinions, and understand the scientific method and study design, you will do well on ACT Science. This section tests your scientific skills, not your knowledge of scientific facts. As you practice for this section, focus on how well you are able to quickly read and understand data and experiments. Also make sure you are able to compare different viewpoints and find similarities and differences. Doing specific ACT preparation and using practice questions will help you see if your scientific reasoning skills are strong enough to do well on this section. What’s Next? If you haven't already, check out ourUltimate Study Guide For ACT Science.It contains dozens of ACT Science guides going into every question type tested, strategies to tackle the questions, and how you should be organizing your prep to raise your score. Now that you know what the ACT science section tests, try out a full practice science section with free, official ACT practice tests online. The ACT’s science section is just one factor that sets the ACT apart from the SAT. What are the other differences between the ACT and SAT? Find out with our comparison here, and learn for sure which test you’ll do better on. Do you have advanced science skills you want to show to colleges? Learn about AP Tests and SAT Subject Tests, which both have specific science options like Biology, Chemistry, and Physics. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Asserting Masculinity in the Cultural Context of Camp

Confirming masculinity in the cultural context of summer camp is an important yearly experience in the lives of many children. Some children continue to camp after the camp time and choose to become counselors. The program exists as a leadership program within the camp structure to educate on how to become an effective counselor for children between the ages of 15 and 17. Each session ends with a normally closed bonfire, and the male 's CILT is extinguished by urinating after the woman comes out. Male / Female: culture depends on male or female. In male culture, the dominant values ​​are thought to be ambitious, self-confidence, performance, and access to money and things, so-called feminists such as quality of life, maintenance of personal relationships, consideration of weak environments It is emphasized with cultural values ​​(Edward Rees, 2010). Time oriented: Finally, time oriented determines the cultural influence of every country. It was originally called a chaotic motive and is related to the time frame faced by the people of different cultures and some of them will consider concrete action plans in the coming years, 2010 Year) †¢ Masculinity and femininity mean that culture emphasizes emotional and social roles as well as work goals. Male culture reflects preferences for confidence, achievement and material success. Women's culture emphasizes relationships, cooperation, and the quality of life. I agree with the dominant value whether male or female, male or female, despite this dimension label. In addition to the work done by Hofstede, many other effects on behavior are categorized. Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner (1998) also focuses on cultural differences and their impact on business and management. They provided data from more than 30,000 training program participants and explained the seven aspects of cultural differences:

Paul Garrett Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paul Garrett - Essay Example and the economic devastation caused by the world wars set the industrial giants thinking and they felt the necessity to prove to the consumers that their existence is no threat to democracy and the American dreams. â€Å"In 1923, General Motors, although eager to have its employees ‘look upon our organization as a human rather than a corporate institution,’ had to recognize that it is one of the limitations of a large organization that the men charged with guiding its destiny cannot maintain a direct personal contact with all of its employees.†(Marchand, p.8) Industrial magnets began to ponder as to how to rejuvenate the plights of their soulless corporations. The top ones strongly felt that something was lacking somewhere. There was no bridge between the top management and the employees on the one hand and the consumers on the other, and if there was one, it had big gaps and lacked continuity. â€Å"Reports of an apparent dwindling of employee morale, sometimes voiced by corporate leaders themselves, revealed lack of individual vitality within these large-scale operations, an absence of a recognized, animating people.†(Marchand, p.8) â€Å"PAUL GARRETT in 1931 became the first person to direct public relations at General Motors. During his 25 years at GM, he emphasized quality performance, public interest, and honesty as corporate public relations principles. His effectiveness inspired other corporations to establish public relations departments.† (Public†¦.)The process of soul search in the organizations began. Perhaps, Paul Garrett was born for the cause of public relations. He was quick to act and soon realized the tremendous potential of this exercise in the cause of the betterment of the organization on all fronts. â€Å"By the end of 1931, Garnett reported, the company was receiving more than five thousand letters of appreciation a week. He distributed multiple anthologies of â€Å"typical excerpt† from these letters to a long list of

The Role Of Phytase In Poultry Rations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Role Of Phytase In Poultry Rations - Essay Example Enzymes are as well used in laundry detergents to assist break up grease and other complex marks. With the intention of understanding the actions of enzymes, it is significant to know that the majority of chemicals in food are merely too huge and compound for human body to use as is. Proteins, for instance, are elongated chains of amino acids, and yet widespread sugars and starches can be extremely compound chemicals. Just as one cannot consume large lumps completely, but have to chew on bite-size pieces, the majority of chemicals inflowing the body must be conked down previous to they can be put to use (Siriwan, Bryden and Annison, 1994, Pg 15-16) . Enzymes reorganize or tear these chemicals into smaller "bite-size" pieces prepared for additional chemical reaction. For instance, table sugar (sucrose) is actually two simple sugars, chemically connected, that are estranged by the enzyme sucrase during absorption. The body can then use the ensuing uncomplicated sugars, glucose and fructose. Medical knowledge has extensively used assured enzymes with advantageous consequences. Fibrinolytic enzymes--which assist break up blood clots--have been utilized to clean injuries that have dried out and clotted beneath unhygienic circumstances. Enzymes are also used as a substitute to spinal operation to mend the outflow of a cracked disk. In this handling, the substance that has "leaked" out of the disk is suspended by action of the enzyme chymopapain. Enzymes are also imperative pointers of body tasks. From assimilating foods to metabolizing drugs, enzymes are a fundamental element of our bodies. And with genetic production and recombinant DNA expertise presently in progress, it appears probably that many of the familiar enzyme lack diseases will turn out to be handy if not cured. One enzyme under consideration in our study today is "Phytase" due to its extensive use in poultry industry. According to Moore (2003, Pg 65) Dietary prerequisite of phosphorus and its accessibility in plant source feedstuffs are important subjects in poultry nourishment. It is renowned that the phosphorus accessibility from plant foundation for instance corn and soybean meal is inadequate to 30-40 percent. This short accessibility is accredited too much of the plant's phosphorus being in the shape of phytates (Myoinositol hexaphosphates). Phosphorus is there in the form of phytic acid as a compound of cations (Ca, Mg, Zn and K) and/or proteins. Poultry is short of adequate quantity of endogenous phytase in the gastrointestinal territory to hydrolyze the phytate molecule and discharge the inorganic phosphorus. This demands adding up costly inorganic resources of phosphorus to persuade dietary prerequisites. Adding up inorganic phosphorus, though, effects in disproportionate emission of phosphorus in manure, pretentiousness an environmental worry, particularly in concentrated animal production. This augmented environmental apprehension that has shaped much attention in phytase consumption in current years. Phytases are a collection of enzymes that catalyze the stepwise exclusion of inorganic orthophosphate from phytic acid. (Sebastian, Touchburn and Chavez, 1998, Pg 27-28) These enzymes take place in cereals and are produced by bacteria, fungi, and yeast

The Interaction Between an Individual and Society Research Paper

The Interaction Between an Individual and Society - Research Paper Example Human rationality implies, for enlightened thinkers, an attempt to know and understand the natural world, and the use of rational principles to solve social interaction problems. These attempts should culminate in the realization of enlightened faith and idealism in a utopian society. Nietzsche opposed this progress as being naà ¯ve but was unable to elude it. A second theme is those involving contradictions existing between commonality and individuality. Human consciousness was passive while accepting ideology, doctrine, orthodoxy and mass thinking, and it saw reality in the liturgy of vested interests. Ideology arises when a group advances certain socially constructed realities which serve their interests, but which are projected as being in everyone else’s best interests, even though others disagree or don’t understand it. Critical theory views rationality in terms of theoretical consistency and in the standards of pragmatic social reality. Rational planning for rea listic action involves regulative ideals, which have been formulated as enlightened possibilities for the acquisition of knowledge and proper conduct. Enlightenment’s theoretical reverence for reason proceeded in two opposing wrong directions. One became the instrumental reason for technological rationality and the other culminated in logical positivism which, understood knowledge only in logico-mathematical terms, denying any truth or practical relevance to values (Regelski, 2005). Historically, mobility, economy, technology and infrastructure rapidly transformed the metropolis, in disruptive and sometimes destructive ways.

Franklin D Roosevelt biography and Presidential Courage Essay

Franklin D Roosevelt biography and Presidential Courage - Essay Example Roosevelt’s presidency and character are marked by a strong sense of morality and courage. Born on January 30, 1882, Roosevelt was born to his father’s second wife, Sara Delano who came from a prominent family as were the Roosevelt’s who were wealthy for multiple generations. His father was 51 at the time of his birth while his mother was only 28. Though prominent families typically left the care of their children to nannies and nurses, Sara preferred to raise Franklin herself. â€Å"Sara was determined to raise Franklin as a Delano, which meant to raise him as she had been raised under the benign discipline of her father.† (Smith, 49). During the earlier part of his life, his education was through the efforts of governesses and tutors as his parents would not send him to public school. â€Å"One of the most gifted tutors was a young Swiss woman names Jeanne Rosat-Sandoz, who, in addition to drilling Franklin in modern languages, attempted to instill a se nse of social responsibility.† (Smith, 50). It was important to her to develop him as both a person and a scholar. She â€Å"believed in social reform and the Social Gospel; she did her utmost to arouse in FDR a social concern for those less fortunate.† (Smith, 50). ... of travel in his childhood and his parents knew the Cleveland family and so FDR grew up having been to the White House and meeting people in Congress and whose. At age 14, he went to the prestigious Groton School where he was educated in the traditional classic style and did average in school but well enough to enter Harvard University where he also spent time working for the Harvard Newspaper and eventually become editor. Though he did not have extensive dating experience, during this time he began dating and against the wishes of especially his mother, he became determined to marry his fifth cousin, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt. She was raised in one of the less fortunate branches of the family but he did marry her in 1905 and shortly after he started at Columbia University Law School. Though FDR was a competent enough scholar, school was never a priority for him. He passed the bar exam but never completed his degree. He had difficulty in law school but seemed unconcerned. â€Å"FDRâ₠¬â„¢s attitude toward law school was similar to Ulysses S. Grant’s view of West Point: it was a hurdle but should not be taken too seriously.† (Smith,96). His ability to face these challenges in life was an example of how he would handle challenges later in his presidency as he would not be stressed or overwhelmed by the situations he would face. â€Å"That was a trait he would hone to an art form in public life. ‘If something was unpleasant and he didn’t want to know about it, he just ignored it and never talked about it,’ said Eleanor. ‘I think he always thought that if you ignore a thing long enough it would settle itself.’† (Smith, 101). However, his college experiences did also help develop his leadership skills which would be key in his presidency. Leadership developed early

Essay for Hamlet-Character Analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

For Hamlet-Character Analysis - Essay Example Cynthia Gravlee writes, â€Å" Hamlet’s Gertrude ia vindicated by Rebecca Smith(â€Å"A Heart Cleft in Twain: The Dilemma of Shakespeare’s Gertrude†), who proves that while Gertrude is generally assumed to be conniving and lascivious, her words and actions really delineate her as a â€Å"compliant, loving, unimaginative woman whose only concern is pleasing others†¦.†(1981,p.120) One point incidentally. A woman, when she enters into wedlock, possesses the supreme confidence, that she will be able to mould her man according to her choices. Her expectations in this regard may or may not come true. Gertrude has similar faith. With this backgrounder information one needs to understand and judge the personality of Gertrude. Gertrude is more to be pitied rather than condemned as vicissitudes in her life are beyond her control. Can two walk together, except they are agreed? In the case in point, the two are mother and son. Hamlet is her antithesis, but nothing wrong in it. Hamlet is a scholar and a philosopher, with an inquisitive mind to find out the deeper meaning of life. In contrast, Gertrude is as worldly. She is proud of the charm of her body and the secular pleasures of her life. She likes to be pampered. She sees her paradise in soft pillows, warm baths, fine clothes and trinkets. Hamlet is internally devastated by her action in marrying his uncle. That too within a short time of his father’s death! The Ghost intervenes to give more disturbing information about her, which upsets Hamlet thoroughly. The death of Gertrude’s husband is a fact. The question that is often posed by the critics is why she marries in a hurry. Hurry from whose point of view? With the death of Hamlet’s father, her Christian marriage vow comes to an end. She is the queen, accustomed to live with supreme comforts of life. She is eager to restore and secure her position. If Claudius marries some other woman, she will

The Interaction Between an Individual and Society Research Paper

The Interaction Between an Individual and Society - Research Paper Example Human rationality implies, for enlightened thinkers, an attempt to know and understand the natural world, and the use of rational principles to solve social interaction problems. These attempts should culminate in the realization of enlightened faith and idealism in a utopian society. Nietzsche opposed this progress as being naà ¯ve but was unable to elude it. A second theme is those involving contradictions existing between commonality and individuality. Human consciousness was passive while accepting ideology, doctrine, orthodoxy and mass thinking, and it saw reality in the liturgy of vested interests. Ideology arises when a group advances certain socially constructed realities which serve their interests, but which are projected as being in everyone else’s best interests, even though others disagree or don’t understand it. Critical theory views rationality in terms of theoretical consistency and in the standards of pragmatic social reality. Rational planning for rea listic action involves regulative ideals, which have been formulated as enlightened possibilities for the acquisition of knowledge and proper conduct. Enlightenment’s theoretical reverence for reason proceeded in two opposing wrong directions. One became the instrumental reason for technological rationality and the other culminated in logical positivism which, understood knowledge only in logico-mathematical terms, denying any truth or practical relevance to values (Regelski, 2005). Historically, mobility, economy, technology and infrastructure rapidly transformed the metropolis, in disruptive and sometimes destructive ways.

Essay for Hamlet-Character Analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

For Hamlet-Character Analysis - Essay Example Cynthia Gravlee writes, â€Å" Hamlet’s Gertrude ia vindicated by Rebecca Smith(â€Å"A Heart Cleft in Twain: The Dilemma of Shakespeare’s Gertrude†), who proves that while Gertrude is generally assumed to be conniving and lascivious, her words and actions really delineate her as a â€Å"compliant, loving, unimaginative woman whose only concern is pleasing others†¦.†(1981,p.120) One point incidentally. A woman, when she enters into wedlock, possesses the supreme confidence, that she will be able to mould her man according to her choices. Her expectations in this regard may or may not come true. Gertrude has similar faith. With this backgrounder information one needs to understand and judge the personality of Gertrude. Gertrude is more to be pitied rather than condemned as vicissitudes in her life are beyond her control. Can two walk together, except they are agreed? In the case in point, the two are mother and son. Hamlet is her antithesis, but nothing wrong in it. Hamlet is a scholar and a philosopher, with an inquisitive mind to find out the deeper meaning of life. In contrast, Gertrude is as worldly. She is proud of the charm of her body and the secular pleasures of her life. She likes to be pampered. She sees her paradise in soft pillows, warm baths, fine clothes and trinkets. Hamlet is internally devastated by her action in marrying his uncle. That too within a short time of his father’s death! The Ghost intervenes to give more disturbing information about her, which upsets Hamlet thoroughly. The death of Gertrude’s husband is a fact. The question that is often posed by the critics is why she marries in a hurry. Hurry from whose point of view? With the death of Hamlet’s father, her Christian marriage vow comes to an end. She is the queen, accustomed to live with supreme comforts of life. She is eager to restore and secure her position. If Claudius marries some other woman, she will

Evolution of Management Thinking Essay Example for Free

Evolution of Management Thinking Essay It was an era where so many alterations in the world Economy took place. In the closing decades of the 19th century there was a quest of seeking innovative ways to increase organizational efficiency and effectiveness. The Scientific Management Theory initiated on the basis of that. In this period of time crafts production was substituted by large factories in which a lot of technical revolutions have been taking place. The owners and managers were not capable of coping to these challenges therefore they hunted for advanced techniques to overcome this situation. As a solution the concepts of Job Specialization and division of labour came about. In this scenario workers who specialized in their respective tasks became more skilled. The Scientific Management Theory Fredrick W. Taylor was the architecture of the concept Scientific Management, â€Å"The systematic study of relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency†. It was believed that the most effective and efficient division of labour could best be determined by the concept of Scientific Management. There were four core principles in this concept. * Investigation and experimentation on organization performance * Codification of new methods/standards * Selection of employees according to codified standards * Establishing a level of performance and a pay system with rewards In 1910 most of the organizations were using this concept but selectively. Even though there was an increase in performance some disputes about this concept lead to an increase in trade union involvement. There were some major issues in this concept. * Availability of fewer jobs * Job dissatisfaction * Distrust among employees and employers. Some organizations redesigned the principles according to their vision. For example introduction of moving conveyer belts in Henry Ford’s factory can be taken in to consideration. However these approaches were not able to solve the emerged issues. Nevertheless Taylor’s work had a lasting effect on management production systems. Frank Gilbreth and Lillian Gilbreth who were the successors of Taylor studied how the working environment influences the performance of the employees. They made a heavy contribution in time-and-motion study. They demonstrated that by following arrangements organizations can solve their issues effectively. * Breaking up each job action into its components. * Finding better ways to perform the action. * Reorganizing each job action to be more efficient Administrative Management Theory Researchers attempted to discover how to create an organizational structure that leads to high efficiency and effectiveness. Theory of Bureaucracy was developed by Max Weber as a succession of these researches. Bureaucracy is basically a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. There were several principles in this theory. Weber identified several factors there should be in a bureaucracy system. Simultaneously Henry Fayol identified 14 principles that should be vital to increasing the efficiency of the management process according to his perspective. These studies of Fayol and Weber laid the foundation of modern management theory. Behavioural Management Theory This is the study of how managers should behave in order to motivate employees and encourage them to strive towards high levels of performance as an organization. In the previous theory there wasn’t a major concern about the employee viewpoint. Thus Mary Farker Follett explained why it is important to think about the human side of management. According to the studies of Follett managers should behave as coaches and facilitators –not as monitors and supervisors and the importance of direct inter communication between managers of different departments to make speedy decisions. She also promoted the concept of â€Å"cross functioning† which has been used in a great scale at present. Hawthorne effect is the discovery that a manager’s behaviour and leadership approach can affect the level of performance of employees. From this study emerged the concept of human relations movement. It is basically how the supervisors should be behaviourally trained to spice up worker’s motivation, cooperation and increase their productivity. Informal organization is one of the implications of Hawthorne effect. This is the system of behavioural rules and norms that come out in a group. The study of factors that have an impact on how individuals and groups react to in organizations has been identified as the organizational behaviour. Apart from these mentioned here the most significant approach was developed by Douglas McGregor. He supposed two different sets of assumptions which were named as Theory X and Theory Y. Management Science Theory This is a modern extension of Scientific Management Theory in this approach describes how precise quantitative techniques can be used in order to make the best use of organizational resources. Quantitative management emphasises on how arithmetic can be manipulated to achieve best practises in inventory and financial capital control. Operations management presents a set of techniques that can be utilized to improve production efficiency Total quality management focuses on the art of how the whole can be managed to achieve excellence. Management information systems provide the managers with adequate information about internal and external events of an organization to effective decision making. Organizational Environment Theory This is the set of conditions and forces that functions externally to the organization but affect a manger’s capability to acquire and utilize resources. This clearly stresses on how important it is to study the environment. The open systems theory and contingency theory developed in 1960 ascertains the importance of the importance of studying the environment. The Open –Systems View This is a system where external resources are acquired and converted into goods and services then sent back to customers for purchasing. And the cycle carries on. This system is considered as an open system. Organizations which use a closed system are likely to experience entropy, the tendency of a system to lose its ability to control itself and thus to dissolve and collapse. Contigency Theory It discloses that there is no best way to organize therefore characteristics of the environment affect an organization’s ability to obtain resources. Types of structures Above describes the differences between the structures. In conclusion managers in a Mechanistic structure can obtain inputs at a lower cost preferably in a stable environment and managers in an organic environment can react more quickly in a rapidly changing environment. These contributions constructed the foundation of modern management theories. References: New Era of Management Concepts and Applications 2nd Edition Richard L. Daft, Vanderbilt University Contemporary Management fifth edition Gareth R. Jones, Texas A M University Jennifer M. George, Rice University

Benefits of CPOE With CDS for Hospital Organizations

Benefits of CPOE With CDS for Hospital Organizations Can a computer physician order entry and computer decision support provide benefit by improving patient safety, reducing medication and other errors, improving quality, and aiding in compliance for hospital organizations? Studies and research show that the usage of these systems provides many advantages over the present paper based order entry system and provide healthcare organizations with multiple benefits. Medication errors are a big problem in healthcare and top the list of harm that is placed upon patients in the United States everyday. These errors are preventable. Computer Physician Order Entry (CPOE) is a network technology that when coupled with a Clinical Decision Support (CDS) system can be a valuable tool in reducing the incidence of medication errors. (Dixon, Zafar, 2009, para 6) CPOE is most effective when used in conjunction with a healthcare organizations Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system. (Felkey, 169) CPOE coupled with CDS are network technologies that can benefit healthcare organizations in many ways. The Joint Commission (JCAHO), Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program, (HFAP), and the National Quality Forum (NQF) all place patient safety high on their list of goals and best practice suggestions. One of JCAHOs core measures is the patient safety related standard which dictates the prevention of accidental harm through the analysis and redesign of vulnerable pa tient systems (e.g. the ordering, preparation and dispensing of medications. (JCAHO, 2010) HFAP and NQF have several Safe Practices demonstrated in their online crosswalk that demand healthcare organizations address the issues of patient safety directly; following is a list: performance improvements that reduce harm to patients, identifying and mitigating safety risks and hazards to drive down preventable patient harm, healthcare organization must develop, reconcile, and communicate an accurate patient medication list throughout the continuum of care, and the safe adoption of CPOE. (HFAP NQF 2009) JCAHO, HFAP, and HQF all work closely with the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services (CMS) to set patient safety and quality compliance standards for US healthcare  organizations. Many providers follow guidelines imposed by the CMS for coding and payment. According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) at least 44,000 people, and perhaps as many as 98,000 people, die in hospitals as a result of medical errors that could have been prevented. (IOM, 1999) The FDA stated in their 2005 report that medication errors result in at least one death per day and 1.3 million injuries per year in the United States. (as cited in Figge, 2009, para 1) Walker states that of all the steps in the medication use process, the areas most associated with errors are prescribing and administration. (2008, para 2) CPOE is a mobile capable network technology that allows a physician to enter orders electronically for medication, laboratory services, imaging, procedures and admissions from almost anywhere at anytime. (Dixon, Zafar, 2009, para 4) This mobile functionality can improve a physicians efficiency allowing them to use their precious little down time to get more things done in less time. The wireless capability of CPOE can allow it to communicate with Personal Digital Assistants (PDA). A Harris Interactive Poll reported that 18 percent of the nations physicians reporting using a PDA as an integral part of their professional duties. (as cited in Ying, 2003, pg 59) This functionality gives physicians who employ the PDA technology the capability to input orders on the go and between other tasks in their busy daily work schedules; allowing more flexibility and efficiency in the physicians workflow. When fully integrated with an EMR, the CPOE/CDS system can generate alerts by looking for drug interactions, medication contraindications, dosing and frequency suggestions based on current information contained in the patients EMR, the pharmacy formulary and the CDS system clinical support databases. (Dixon, Zafar, 2009, para 5) Some information that could be compared and evaluated includes the medications that the patient is presently being prescribed against the patients diagnosis, co-morbidities, and vital statistics. The CPOE/CDS system uses evidence based medical information and would be customized by the hospital organization using selected guidelines, protocols, and algorithms. (Walker, 2008, para 18) The CDS can be programmed to look for errors based on the data sets the healthcare organization has selected. The system can then alert for errors and offer suggestions for medication dosing, medication administration, and treatment plans tailored to the individual patient. Remml inger, documented potential benefits of CPOE including eliminating lost orders and illegible handwriting, improving the consistency of documentation, reducing variances in care, improving consideration of the patients clinical data, and improving coded data for outcomes analysis. (as cited in Gray Felkey, 2004, pg 192, Figure 1) Eliminating most handwritten clinical data in healthcare organizations is a priority that the IOM and the Institute for Safe Medication Practices has suggested for healthcare; CPOE and CDS systems are two initiatives that can facilitate this objective. (Walker, 2008) The IOM has also suggested that healthcare organizations implement process improvements when implementing healthcare technology. (AHRQ 2009) Since the CPOE is an electronic order system, illegible handwriting is no longer entered into the  system because paper orders have been eliminated and all order entry is done electronically. The present ordering system allows for verbal orders to be given over the telephone, written and submitted in person or faxed. The numerous possible avenues an order can follow to get into the hospital order entry system invite a multitude of opportunities for things to go wrong. Paper orders can be virtually impossible to read at times due to illegible handwriting, over-handling, and image c opying issues. Remmlinger notes that one of the quality improvements seen with CPOE is eliminating lost. (as cited in Gray Felkey, 2004, pg 192, Figure 1) Data is entered directly into the CPOE system; eliminating the need for a patient to carry the order. Paper orders also require a scanning process to enter the order into the electronic environment adding another step in the process where errors can occur; pages can be missing, scan badly, or get indexed incorrectly. This step in the workflow process also contributes to a lag in the time between when the order is received by the healthcare organization and when it actually enters the patients medical record. The elimination of handwritten orders used in the order entry system cuts out the risks associated with the handwritten and/or paper order; providing safety for the patient and improved quality. By removing illegible handwriting from the system this ensures that every order is readable and available in real-time. (as cited in Gray Felkey, 2004, pg 192, Figure 1) The extra work generated by a paper order is eliminated as well, making for an efficient and complete ordering process and on time documentation. This saves everyone time, improves processes which in turn saves money for the patient and the healthcare organization. Process improvements like this contribute to complete, timely, and accurate documentation making for a safer and more accurate real-time picture of the patients status at any given time from virtually any location, while implementing best practices as recommended by JCAHO, HFAP, and the NQF. Dosing for drugs becomes more standardized when using the CPOE/CDS system; by assessing the individual patients vital statistics included in their EMR.T. (as cited in Gray Felkey, 2004, pg 192, Figure 1) The CDS can calculate dosing by using patient information such as current age, weight, height which is included in their EMR and then comparing that information with the recommended dosage given in the pharmacy formulary. The CPOE/CDS also uses evidence based decision support and can give outcomes analysis based on the current plan of care or give suggestions based on an alternate plan of care. The CDS can predict possible outcomes based on historic data when coupled with alternate plans of therapy. CPOE also promotes efficiency gains by checking the EMR for duplicate orders for clinical tests and other therapeutic events that have already been performed. (as cited in Gray Felkey, 2004, pg 192, Figure 1) Duplicated orders will cause an alert to be generated, resulting in the avoidance of unnecessary testing or other clinical events. This is much safer for the patient considering some clinical tests such as contrast Cat Scans are performed with inherent risk involved. The CPOE/ CDS system checks for duplicate orders therefore improving patient safety, saving time, money and providing better coordination of care while allowing for best resource utilization. A 2005 CPOE study presented an improvement report that showed a 50% reduction in medication errors with CPOE, eliminated illegibility and transcription errors after implementing a commercial CPOE system. (Grandville, Kupetsky, Molinari, Campbell, 2005) Another 2005 study found a 7.6% error rate resulting in 143 errors out of 1879 prescriptions. (Gandhi, Weingart, Seger, Borus, Burdick, Poon, Leape, Bates, 2005) Analysis of the findings: basic CPOE sites had a similar rate of incidence; while employing advanced dosing and frequency checks could have prevented 95% of potential Adverse drug Effects. (ADE). (Gandhi et al, 2005) This finding supports the recommendation given by the IOM suggesting CPOE and CDS should be implemented together to provide the best possible technology to improve patient safety and quality of care. CPOE CDS systems benefit a healthcare organization by improving patient safety through goals and best practices that help reduce medication prescribing and administration errors and offer process improvements that increase efficiency by reducing duplication of services, improve quality while saving money and time for both patients and the healthcare organization. Improvements in processes along with the careful implementation of technologies assist healthcare organizations to be compliant with increasing requirements imposed by various agencies and providers.

Anthony and Cleopatra Essay -- essays research papers fc

Shakespeare Uses As His Source For The Play Plutarch’s Lives Of The Noble Grecians And Romans. Plutarch, Along With Other Greek And Roman Authors, Saw An Opposition Between The Conquering West Standing For Moral And Political Virtue And The Conquered East Representing Luxury And Decadence. How Does Shakespeare’s Play Present These Positions? Throughout William Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra, there is the dichotomy of the hard-working political life of Rome and the luxury and pleasures of Egypt. The effect of the difference between the two places on the main characters, and on the plot, is a key theme throughout the play. It is common in Shakespeare’s plays for characters to talk about themselves in the third person, which gives them an elevated and important status. This is used to show the difference between the relaxed and indulgent Egypt, and the more formal ways of Rome. Octavius Caesar refers to himself in the third person often in the play, â€Å"It is not Caesar’s natural vice to hate our great competitor† This gives Octavius an air of importance, as he takes a tone of superiority over Antony because he is enjoying the luxuries of Cleopatra’s palace. Dance, music and song are commonly used in Shakespearean comedy, for example in plays like a Comedy of Errors or As You Like It. They often act as an uniting force, bringing together different groups or individuals. In Antony and Cleopatra,a tragedy, they are presented differently. They are used to indicate Egypt as a place of frivolity. Cleopatra remarks â€Å"give me some music, moody food of us that trade in love.† Music is never played in Rome, and there are certainly no comical characters (such as the eunuch Mardian) and little banter. The presence of music and dance, with an entertainer such as the Eunuch, shows Egypt to be a place of fun and frivolity in direct contrast to the serious political business of Rome. Shakespeare also displays the contrast between the two places by his use of jocularity, particularly puns and sexual innuendo. These are prevelant in the Egyptian scenes, particularly in the exchanges between Cleopatra and her courtiers. Charmian: â€Å"My arm is sore. Best play with Mardian. Cleopatra: As well a women with a Eunuch played as with a woman†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This short exchange presents Egypt as a place of sexual innuendo and entertainment. Such conversations never tak... ...eir attractions, but they also have a tragic consequences. At the end of the play as Antony and Cleopatra both commit suicide. While Cleopatra’s death is symbolically romantic, Antony cuts a pathetic figure in death. There is a great sense of waste at the end of the tragedy, as a great man has come to nothing because he abandoned his sense and reason for the luxuries of Egypt. Throughout Antony and Cleopatra there is a sharp contrast between the bawdy humour and entertainment of the east and the stern morality and politics of the West. This is best seen in Antony’s downfall; his death is caused by a romantic but illogical attempt at conquering Rome, and the battle of Actium shows the decadent Egypt destroyed and the sensible Rome victorious. In Rome Antony was at his best as a man a soldier and a statesmen, whereas as Antony says â€Å"in the East my pleasure lies†, as does his downfall. BIBLIOGRAPHY William Shakespeare, Antony & Cleopatra, Edited by Emrys Jones, New Penguin Shakespeare Edition York Notes Advanced, Antony And Cleopatra, Robin Sowerby Richard Gill, Mastering English Literature  Ã‚   Ruebel www.oeaw.ac.at/kvk/cte/  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

MS :: essays research papers

Multiple Sclerosis Mission:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The mission of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society is to end the devastating effects of multiple sclerosis. Providing accurate, up-to-date information to individuals with MS, their families, and healthcare providers is central to our mission. The organization is to prevent and cure MS, and to improve the lives of all people affected with MS. The National Multiple Sclerosis Society funds research, publishes scientific finding, provides information and other services to people with MS. History:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The coming of the National MS Society emerged from wartime research efforts in many areas. In 1943 new methods of technologies of the actual myelin was determined. The National Multiple Sclerosis Society was founded in 1946. Other info.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚    §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, often disabling disease of the central nervous system.  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most people with MS are diagnosed between ages of 20 and 40 but the unpredictable physical and emotional effects can be life-long.  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women develop the disease at a rate almost double that of men.  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MS is not fatal-with modern medicine and technology; people with MS live 90%-95% of the normal life span.  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cause is a mystery and no cure has been found. Symptoms:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Numbness in body parts may include: slurred speech, blurred or double vision, tremors, loss of balance, and poor coordination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Invisible symptoms include extreme fatigue, mental changes as mood swing, forgetfulness, and confusion. ag;lja'jk'ffjkajgk'jgakj;aj;ljg;lkajsjfadjskgj;kasj;kgjakdsjgk'jMultiple Sclerosis 6560 Fannin, Suite 1224 Houston, TX 77030 (713) 798-7707 infor@mnss.org Mission:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The mission of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society is to end the devastating effects of multiple sclerosis. Providing accurate, up-to-date information to individuals with MS, their families, and healthcare providers is central to our mission. The organization is to prevent and cure MS, and to improve the lives of all people affected with MS. The National Multiple Sclerosis Society funds research, publishes scientific finding, provides information and other services to people with MS. History:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The coming of the National MS Society emerged from wartime research efforts in many areas. In 1943 new methods of technologies of the actual myelin was determined. The National Multiple Sclerosis Society was founded in 1946. Other info.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚    §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, often disabling disease of the central nervous system.  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most people with MS are diagnosed between ages of 20 and 40 but the unpredictable physical and emotional effects can be life-long.